国家公开水域游泳队2016年里约奥运会赛前训练安排的研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 08:19

本文选题：公开水域游泳　切入点：国家公开水域游泳队　出处：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自从公开水域男女10公里游泳比赛作为奥运会比赛项目以来,竞技公开水域不确定因素相比较多、挑战难度较大、对其观赏性强,越来越受到人们的追捧与参与。其比赛与泳池比赛不同的是,在自然水域游程长、游进中技战术又受外界环境影响的因素多、这就对运动员心理素质与身体能力有着巨大的考验。回归我国,在竞技公开水域游泳起步比国外晚,但发展及其迅猛,在与国外优秀的教练员与运动员相比中我们发现,我国公开水域游泳运动员的整体水平和教练员的训练方式中还存在一定差距。赛前训练是备战周期的重中之重,正确合理、有效掌握赛前训练将直接影响到运动员的比赛状态。在里约奥运会上,运动员祖立军取得了第四名的优异成绩,创造了我国男子公开水域项目的历史。取得这样优异的成绩与其赛前训练的合理安排是密不可分的。因此,本文以国家公开水域游泳队赛前8周的训练安排为研究主题,为从事我国公开水域游泳的教练员与运动员针对赛前合理安排训练提供借鉴与参考。通过研究,本文得到如下结论:一、国家公开水域游泳队2016年奥运会赛前训练从时间的划分上,呈现出3—3—2的特点,分为过渡恢复、适应训练以及临赛调整三个阶段。二、国家公开水域游泳队赛前训练期各阶段训练任务呈现出以下特征:过渡恢复阶段重视提高运动员的基础能力;适应训练阶段的重点是提升运动员的专项能力;临赛调整阶段着重调整运动员的身体机能。三、通过对国家公开水域游泳队教练员训练计划分析后得出结论,水上训练课为主,水陆结合的方式,相互补充并且促进运动员专项竞技能力的提高。水上训练内容以有氧训练、混合代谢训练、无氧训练和技战术训练为主。陆上训练重点为力量训练与耐力训练,阶段训练重点经历了从耐力训练、一般力量到专项力量训练的转变。四、在研究国家公开水域游泳队的手段方法中我们得出这样的规律,国家公开水域游泳队训练方法手段比较多元化,水上训练主要采用了中长距离的持续游、中短距离的间歇游、中长时间的重复游和10公里的实战模拟比赛。陆上力量训练主要集中在小肌肉群和综合力量,多采用循环训练发展耐力。五、国家公开水域游泳队的赛前训练的负荷安排基本遵循超量恢复机制.负荷量和负荷强度的变化特点为:负荷量成先递增后成V型的趋势;负荷强度在过渡恢复阶段是最低的,经历4周量的积累后强度在第5周达到最高,并呈现保持的趋势。
[Abstract]:Since the men's and women's 10km swimming competition in open waters as an Olympic event, there are many uncertain factors in competitive open waters, which are difficult to challenge and have a strong appreciation for them. Different from swimming pool competitions, people are more and more popular and participate in swimming. Unlike swimming pools, there are many factors that affect their skills and tactics in natural waters, such as swimming in natural waters, and other factors affecting their skills and tactics in the process of swimming. This is a great test of athletes' psychological quality and physical ability. When we return to our country, swimming in competitive open waters starts later than abroad, but its development is extremely rapid. Compared with foreign excellent coaches and athletes, we find that, There is still a certain gap between the overall level of swimming athletes in the open waters of our country and the training methods of coaches. Pre-competition training is the most important part of the preparation cycle, and it is correct and reasonable. Effective control of pre-competition training will directly affect the state of the athletes. At the Rio Olympics, the athletes' ZuLijun made 4th outstanding achievements. Has created the history of our country's men's open water project. The achievement of such excellent results is inextricably related to the reasonable arrangement of its pre-competition training. Therefore, this paper takes the training arrangement of the national open water swimming team 8 weeks before the race as the research topic. This paper provides reference and reference for coaches and athletes who are engaged in swimming in open waters of our country to arrange the training before the competition. Through the research, the following conclusions are obtained: 1. In 2016, the National Open Water Swimming team showed the characteristics of 3-3-2 in terms of time division before the Olympic Games, which was divided into three stages: transitional recovery, adaptive training and adjustment of the race. The training tasks of the national open water swimming team during the pre-competition training period show the following characteristics: emphasis on improving the basic ability of the athletes in the transitional recovery stage, emphasis on enhancing the specific ability of the athletes in the adaptation training stage; During the adjustment phase of the competition, emphasis is placed on adjusting the physical functions of the athletes. Third, through the analysis of the training plan for coaches of the National Open Water Swimming team, it is concluded that the water training class is the main one and the combination of water and land is the way. The contents of water training are aerobic training, mixed metabolism training, anaerobic training and technical and tactical training. The emphasis of onshore training is strength training and endurance training. The emphasis of the stage training has undergone a shift from endurance training, general strength training to special strength training. Fourthly, in studying the means of the national open water swimming team, we have come to this rule. The training methods of the national swimming team in the open waters are quite diversified. The main methods of training on the water are continuous swimming at medium and long distances and intermittent swimming at medium and short distances. Repeated swimming for medium and long periods and actual combat simulation competitions of 10 kilometers. Land strength training is mainly concentrated on small muscle groups and comprehensive strength, and most of them use cyclic training to develop endurance. The load arrangement for pre-competition training of the national open water swimming team basically follows the over-recovery mechanism. The variation characteristics of load volume and load intensity are as follows: the load quantity increases first and then becomes V-type, and the load intensity is the lowest in the transitional recovery stage. After 4 weeks of accumulation, the intensity reached the highest in the fifth week, and showed a trend of maintenance.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.1

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