改善中学生体质运动处方的制定及效果研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 09:29

本文选题：中学生体质　切入点：运动处方　出处：《天津体育学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究目的:学生体质健康一直是提升我国人口素质的重要内容,根据近年来的体质监测表明,中学生的体质总体状况虽然有一定幅度的改善,但心肺功能及有氧耐力方面依然不容乐观,呈一定下降趋势,究其原因,主要是因为心肺有氧能力锻炼枯燥乏味、运动强度较大。根据中学生的身心发育特点及体质现状,寻找一种适合中学生、便于开展,并能有效改善中学生心肺功能及有氧耐力的运动方式就显得尤为重要。定向运动作为一种集体能、智慧、休闲为一体的体育运动项目,日益受到广大学生的喜爱。本研究旨在通过对研究对象进行十周以定向运动为主的运动处方干预,分析实验前后各项指标变化,研究中学男生体质提升状况,为中学生科学合理运动及提升体质提供必要的实验依据。研究方法:研究对象为天津市某中学参加学生体质健康测试且成绩在79.9分及以下的男生,三个年级各40人,共计120人,将各年级随机分为对照组与实验组各20人。1.根据《国家学生体质健康标准》2014修订版中制定的评分标准对三个年级男生进行测试,将总分在79.9分以下的学生筛选出来,并随机挑选120人作为实验对象。2.实验前测定受试者身高、体重、围度、身体成分等形态指标,肺活量、心功能指数、耐力、柔韧性、力量等身体机能、素质指标及血红蛋白、血糖等生化指标。3.根据测试结果为受试者制定以定向运动为主的处方,确定运动强度、运动时间、频率以及间歇时间。4.实验组进行连续十周,每周三次,每次50分钟的运动,运动过程中心率保持在储备心率的50%-80%,(110—150b/min),对照组保持原有体育活动。5.十周运动处方后再次进行各项指标的测定,对实验前后及组间的心肺功能、力量等相关结果进行对比分析。研究结果:1.经过十周的干预后,各年级实验组学生的肺活量与实验前相比具有显著性差异,按初一、初二、初三年级分别增加了320.02ml(P0.01)、383.32ml(P0.01)、163.11ml(P0.05),对照组学生无显著性差异。2.初一、初二年级实验组学生耐力素质测试结果与实验前相比具有非常显著性差异,1000米跑成绩平均提高了47.4秒和38.3秒。力量素质方面,上肢力量三个年级实验前后相比均无显著性差异,下肢力量素质方面初三年级实验前后相比具有非常显著性差异,对照组学生无显著性差异。3.身体成分中的下肢肌肉含量初一、初二、初三三个年级实验前后相比具有显著性差异(P0.01),上肢肌肉含量无显著性差异。4.实验前后实验组和对照组的血压变化无显著性差异。研究结论:1.以定向运动为运动内容的运动处方设计符合中学生的兴趣爱好,运动场地要就简单,器材简单,丰富多样的组织形式便于激发学生运动的热情和积极性。2.十周以定向运动为主要形式的运动处方干预方案显著提高了中学生的肺活量与耐力素质,同时对下肢力量、肌肉含量也有一定的提高,与普通运动相比能更有效提升中学生体质水平。3.本实验结果可为中学生提升体质水平在运动手段及方法方面提供新的选择。
[Abstract]:The purpose of the study is to enhance students' physical health has been the important content of the quality of China's population, according to physique monitoring in recent years, although the overall health status of middle school students have a certain degree of improvement, but the heart and lung function and aerobic endurance is still not optimistic, showed a downward trend, the reason is mainly because of the heart aerobic exercise capacity of lung boring, exercise intensity is larger. According to the students' physical and mental characteristics and development status of physique, find a suitable for middle school students, easy to carry, and can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary function and exercise students' aerobic endurance is particularly important. Orienteering is a collective energy, wisdom, leisure the sports project, is loved by the majority of students. This study aims to study ten weeks of exercise prescription intervention on directional motion based analysis before and after the experiment. Study on changes of indexes, secondary school students to enhance physical fitness, to provide the necessary experimental basis for scientific and reasonable exercise and enhance the physical fitness of middle school students. The study object is a middle school in the city of Tianjin, and the students' physical health test score of 79.9 points and below the three grade boys, each 40 people, a total of 120 people, each grade were randomly divided into control group and experimental group of 20.1. according to the standard for evaluation to develop "national student physical health standard >2014 in revised edition of three grade boys were tested, the screening score below 79.9 points and students, with 120 people selected as experimental subjects before the experiment.2. was tested by the height. Body weight, circumference, body composition and morphological index, cardiac function index, vital capacity, endurance, flexibility, strength and other physical functions, quality index and hemoglobin, blood glucose and other biochemical indicators of.3. according to the test results as subjects To develop the directional motion based prescription, exercise time, frequency and intensity determine the movement, intermittent time of.4. in experimental group was ten weeks, three times a week, every 50 minutes of exercise, sports center rate remained in reserve rate of 50%-80% (110 - 150b/min), the control group to maintain the original sports.5. exercise for ten weeks determination of prescription again after the index, before and after the experiment group and between the heart and lung function, power and other related results are compared and analyzed. Results: 1. after ten weeks of intervention, and the vital capacity of each grade of the students in the experimental group compared with a significant difference, according to the first, second, third grade respectively. 320.02ml (P0.01), 383.32ml (P0.01), 163.11ml (P0.05), the control group had no significant difference between.2. grade, grade two students in the experimental group and the endurance test results before the experiment compared with the very significant difference The 1000 meter race, with an average increase of 47.4 and 38.3 seconds. The power quality, the upper limb strength before and after the experiment of three grades had no difference, before and after lower limb strength quality grade three experiment compared with the very significant difference, the students in the control group no significant difference in body composition of muscle.3. content lower grade the second, third, three grade before and after the experiment compared with significant difference (P0.01), upper limb muscle content had no significant difference. No significant difference in blood pressure changes in the experimental group and the control group.4. before and after the experiment. Conclusion: 1. in the Orienteering Sports content of the exercise prescription is designed to meet the students' interests and hobbies, sports venues to simple, simple equipment, various forms of organization to stimulate students' sports enthusiasm and.2. ten weeks to directional movement as the main form of exercise prescription intervention scheme significantly Increasing the students' vital capacity and endurance, while the lower limb strength, muscle content also increased, compared with the ordinary sports can be more effective in promoting students' physique level.3. the experimental results for middle school students to enhance the physical fitness level in sports means and methods of providing a new choice.

【学位授予单位】：天津体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G804.49

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