对跳远运动员进行多方向组合踝关节力量训练手段练习效果实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 11:02

本文选题：力量训练　切入点：踝关节　出处：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：跳远以单脚支撑为主,因此下肢需要有强大的力量以及稳定性,踝关节作为其中的中介点,具有承上启下的放大作用。专家学者提倡加大踝关节的力量训练,训练手段的设置与专项运动形式相似或相近,但是训练手段的创新一直滞后,现有的训练手段主要以训练踝关节的趾屈和背伸为主,强调踝关节周围肌肉的加强,但是真正对于踝关节周围力量的训练并没有太多涉及。在跳远项目中,随着身体重心的移动,运动员踝关节稳定性力量如果较差,就会导致脚的过度内外翻,因此在这样的训练过程中,加强踝关节稳定性力量训练手段的研究也显得相当重要。本研究旨在以北京体育大学2013级教育学院田径方向的学生为研究对象,主要采用实验法,从踝关节力量训练的视角出发,以稳定性力量训练手段为切入点,分别选取传统组合和多方向组合手段的两个组进行实验,根据研究结果来探求传统组合和多方向组合训练手段这两者之间对运动员的练习效果的影响是否具有统计学意义上的差异。通过实验研究得出以下结论:1.经过12周的多方向组合踝关节力量训练手段训练后,对跳远运动员下肢力量生物力学指标进行了再次测试后发现,反应跳远下肢最大力量、弹跳能力指标均有显著性变化,可以有效提高跳远运动员的下肢生物力。2.经过12周的多方向组合踝关节力量训练手段训练后,对跳远运动员专项成绩进行了再次测试后发现具有显著性变化,可以有效提高跳远运动员的专项成绩。3.经过12周的多方向组合踝关节力量训练手段训练后,对运动员专项身体素质指标进行了再次测试后发现,反应速度、力量、弹跳力的专项身体素质指标都有了显著性变化,可以有效提高跳远运动员的专项身体素质。4.实验后将两组跳远运动员的专项运动成绩和下肢生物力学指标进行对比,并没有显著性差异,但是从增长幅度来看,下肢生物力指标方面,最大力量、腾空时间实验组优于对照组,冲量对照组优于实验组;专项运动成绩方面,实验组优于对照组;专项身体素质指标方面,实验组的连续纵跳能力指标明显优于对照组,其他指标无显著性变化。因此在训练中应针对运动员存在的具体问题进行两种训练手段的最佳组合,提高运动员整体运动水平。
[Abstract]:The long jump is mainly supported by one foot, so the lower limbs need strong strength and stability. The ankle joint, as an intermediary point, has the magnification function of connecting the above and the following. Experts and scholars advocate increasing the strength training of the ankle joint. The setting of training means is similar to or similar to that of special sports, but the innovation of training means has been lagging behind. The existing training means mainly focus on the training of ankle toe flexion and extension, emphasizing the strengthening of the muscles around the ankle joint. But there is not much involved in training the strength around the ankle. In the long jump, with the movement of the body's center of gravity, if the athlete's ankle stability is poor, it will lead to excessive internal and external overturning of the foot. Therefore, in this training process, it is also very important to study the training means of strengthening the strength of ankle stability. The purpose of this study is to take the track and field students of Beijing physical Education University 2013 as the research object, and mainly adopt the experimental method. Starting from the angle of ankle strength training and taking the stability strength training as the starting point, two groups of traditional combination and multi-directional combination were selected to carry out the experiment. Based on the results of the study, this paper explores whether there is a statistically significant difference in the effect of traditional combination training and multi-directional combination training on athletes' exercise effect. The following conclusions are drawn through the experimental study: 1. After Zhou's multi-direction combined ankle strength training, After retesting the biomechanical indexes of the lower extremity strength of the long jumpers, it was found that there were significant changes in the indexes of the maximum strength of the lower extremities and the ability of jumping in the long jump. After 12 weeks of multi-directional combined ankle strength training means training, the long jump athletes' special results were tested again and found that there were significant changes after 12 weeks of multi-directional combined ankle strength training means training. After 12 weeks of multi-directional combined ankle strength training means training, after re-testing the athletes' special physical quality indicators, we found that the reaction speed, strength, There are significant changes in the specific physical fitness index of the spring jump, which can effectively improve the special physical fitness of the long jumpers. 4. After the experiment, the performance of the two groups of long jumpers and the biomechanical indexes of the lower limbs are compared. There was no significant difference, but from the range of growth, the maximum strength, the vacating time of the experimental group was better than the control group, the impulse control group was superior to the experimental group, the experimental group was better than the control group in terms of specific sports performance. In terms of specific physical fitness indexes, the continuous longitudinal jump ability of the experimental group is obviously superior to that of the control group, but the other indexes have no significant change. Therefore, the best combination of the two training methods should be carried out according to the specific problems of the athletes in the training. Improve the overall sports level of athletes.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G823.3

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