间歇训练法在提高青少年速滑运动员耐力素质中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 13:21

本文选题：间歇训练法　切入点：耐力素质　出处：《东北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年来我国速度滑冰项目的运动成绩有了突飞猛进的提高,尤其是在男女短距离项目中更加明显,但可以看出,我国速度滑冰项目在长距离项目中与世界速滑强国还是存在一定的差距,因此运动员的身体机能、技术水平和竞技能力是突破这一瓶颈的关键所在。而青少年速滑运动员的培养是我国速度滑冰项目攀登世界高峰的重中之重。由于青少年运动员的身体各项机能尚未完全成熟,不宜做过多的无氧运动,避免影响今后运动成绩的提高,所以应以发展耐力素质为主,多进行有氧、混氧以及少量的无氧耐力训练。间歇训练法是一种发展耐力素质很有效的训练手段。通过调查研究,发现目前国外对间歇训练法的运用和研究较多,在不同竞技运动中,间歇训练法都被较为广泛的应用。在国内体育竞技领域中,也有越来越多的运动项目在应用间歇训练法,虽然通过研究证实,间歇训练法可以提高运动员耐力素质,但这种训练方法在田径、游泳、自行车等项目中被应用的比较广泛,但在速滑界对间歇训练法的研究与应用还存在着不同认识和理解,应用的也并不是十分广泛,并且本文的实验对象为青少年这一特殊群体,青少年的身体机能与成年人不同,所以在训练计划的安排上和负荷强度的控制上都具有更严格的要求,青少年运动员由于身体机能问题,不宜做过多的无氧训练,所以本文重点针对运动员的有氧能力和混氧能力进行测试研究。本文针对提高吉林省青少年速滑运动员(国家一级运动员)耐力素质的问题,提出运用间歇训练法发展运动员耐力素质的研究,本文将针对不同的供能特点,通过发展性间歇训练法和强化性间歇训练法进行实验研究。结合运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、实验法、数理统计法,对八名国家一级青少年速滑运动员进行为期四个月的间歇训练。本文重点对运动员的血乳酸(HL)和运动成绩进行研究分析,对每个阶段训练前后的各项指标以及运动成绩进行分析对比。通过运用间歇训练法得出以下结论:1.在血乳酸标准值不变的情况下,负荷强度稳步提高,能高效的完成训练计划;2.可以提高体内清除血乳酸的速度,增强身体对血乳酸的耐受能力;3.可以提高运动员的心肺功能水平;4.可以提高运动员1500米和5000米运动成绩。通过以上结论证实间歇训练对提高青少年速滑运动员耐力素质具有明显的效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the performance of speed skating in China has improved by leaps and bounds, especially in men's and women's short distance sports, but it can be seen,There is still a certain gap between China's speed skating event and the world speed skating power in long distance events. Therefore, the body function, technical level and competitive ability of athletes are the key to break through this bottleneck.The training of young speed skaters is the top priority of speed skating in China.As the body functions of young athletes are not yet fully mature, it is not appropriate to do too much anaerobic exercise to avoid affecting the improvement of sports performance in the future. Therefore, we should focus on the development of endurance quality and do more aerobic activities.Mixed oxygen and a small amount of anaerobic endurance training.Intermittent training is an effective training method to develop endurance quality.Through investigation and research, it is found that there are more applications and researches on intermittent training in foreign countries, and interval training is widely used in different competitive sports.In the domestic sports field, there are more and more sports in the application of intermittent training method. Although research has proved that intermittent training method can improve athletes' endurance quality, this training method is used in track and field, swimming, etc.Bicycle and other projects are widely used, but in the field of speed skating, the research and application of intermittent training method still have different understanding and understanding, and the application of the method is not very wide.The physical function of young people is different from that of adults, so they have more stringent requirements in the arrangement of training programs and the control of load intensity. Because of physical problems, young athletes should not do too much anaerobic training.Therefore, this paper focuses on the aerobic capacity and mixed oxygen capacity of athletes.Aiming at the problem of improving the endurance quality of juvenile speed skaters in Jilin province, this paper puts forward the research on developing endurance quality of athletes by using interval training method. This paper will aim at different characteristics of energy supply.The experimental study was carried out by developmental intermittent training and intensive intermittent training.Combined with the methods of literature, expert interview, questionnaire, experiment and mathematical statistics, eight national first-grade speed skaters were trained for four months.This paper focuses on the research and analysis of athletes' blood lactic acid lactic acid (HLL) and sports performance, and analyzes and compares the indexes and sports achievements before and after training in each stage.The following conclusion is reached by using the intermittent training method: 1.Under the condition that the blood lactate standard value is unchanged, the load intensity increases steadily, and the training plan can be completed efficiently.It can improve the speed of removing blood lactic acid and enhance the tolerance ability of the body to blood lactic acid.It can improve the cardiopulmonary function of athletes.Can improve the athletes 1500 meters and 5000 meters sports results.Through the above conclusion, it is proved that intermittent training has obvious effect on improving the endurance quality of young speed skaters.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G862.1

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