网球运动员身体形态的非对称性适应及损伤监控研究进展

发布时间：2018-04-07 17:16

本文选题：网球运动员　切入点：身体非对称性　出处：《体育科学》2017年09期

【摘要】：网球运动员身体形态的非对称性适应是专项机械负荷导致的身体形态、成分非对称性的程度与模式。其中,上肢肌肉是以优势臂三角肌、肱三头肌、上臂屈肌等力量为主导,结合前臂屈肌、小肌群与之形成的三连体收缩模式协同克服专项机械负荷而导致肌肉形态6%~21%的非对称性适应过程;上肢骨骼是以青春期训练的骨膜扩张机制所形成的骨微观结构为主,导致骨形态11%~25%的非对称性扩大,从而增强11%~66%骨力量的非对称性成骨效应;躯干主要以核心肌群集中于腰椎中、下端的典型非对称性肥大所体现出的横向单侧、双向独立、弥补、叠加等多种负荷效应,协同克服专项机械负荷,从而导致8%~35%的非对称性适应过程。此外,网球运动员身体非对称性发展过程中引发的肩、腹、髋等部位关节形态异常、肌组织机能退变、力量失衡等不同程度,提示着损伤风险,建议通过适当减少负荷量、改变负荷方式、发展对称的肌群力量以及优先形成科学、合理的专项技术等训练学手段来阻断、减慢非对称性进程以预防损伤或进行康复。
[Abstract]:The asymmetry adaptation of tennis players' body form is caused by special mechanical load, the degree and pattern of asymmetry.Among them, the upper limb muscles are dominated by the dominant arm deltoid muscle, triceps brachii muscle, flexor muscle of the upper arm and so on, combined with the flexor muscle of the forearm.The conjunctival contraction pattern formed by the small muscle group combined with the special mechanical load resulted in 621% asymmetrical adaptation of muscle morphology, and the bone structure of upper limb was mainly formed by the periosteal dilatation mechanism of puberty training.The asymmetric osteogenic effect of 1166% bone strength was enhanced, and the trunk was mainly concentrated in the lumbar vertebrae with the core muscle group, and the typical asymmetric hypertrophy at the lower end reflected the transverse unilateral, bidirectional independence, and made up for it.Multiple load effects, such as superposition, are used to overcome the special mechanical load, which leads to an asymmetric adaptation process of 85%.In addition, the abnormal shape of the shoulder, abdomen, hip and other joints, the degeneration of muscle tissue and function, and the imbalance of strength caused by the asymmetric development of the body of tennis players indicate the risk of injury, so it is suggested that the load should be reduced appropriately.Changing the load mode, developing symmetrical muscle strength and giving priority to the formation of scientific, reasonable special techniques and other training means to block, slow down the asymmetric process to prevent injury or rehabilitation.
【作者单位】：福建师范大学体育学院;怀化学院体育学院;湖北师范大学体育学院;重庆大学体育学院;
【分类号】：G845

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