柔力球运动在晋中市榆次区中老年人群的开展现状和影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 23:38

本文选题：柔力球运动　切入点：发源地　出处：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：柔力球是一项融合中国太极文化和儒家传统思想，有健身、竞技、娱乐、观赏等特点的民族体育运动。晋中作为柔力球运动的发祥地，发展现状远不如武汉、西安、深圳等地市。本文研究目的是为了更好的了解柔力球运动在晋中市榆次区的开展情况，找到影响柔力球运动在中老年群体中开展的影响因素，提高晋中市柔力球运动的整体水平，从而促进我国中老年人群柔力球运动的发展。方法：本文以柔力球运动在晋中市榆次区中老年人群开展现状和影响因素为研究对象。首先，通过发放与回收问卷的形式，实地走访晋中市榆次区21个中老年柔力球活动站，调查年龄在45周岁以上的325名中老年人（女性259名，男性66名）。问卷中有关中老年柔力球参与者基本情况的问题4个、有关锻炼情况的问题5个、有关认识情况的问题5个、有关软硬件情况的问题5个、有关因子分析的问题1个。其次，针对该地区中老年柔力球的开展现状和存在的问题、原因以及解决问题的策略，对晋中市12位柔力球专家学者进行深度访谈。最后，运用统计学软件SPSS18.0对数据进行百分比统计、频数分析、因子分析等处理，生成相关图表资料，从深层把握数据差异性显著的原因。结果：累计发放问卷325份，收回312份，回收率为96%，有效问卷303份，有效率为97%，主要研究结果为：（1）参与者基本情况：女性参与者241名，占79%，男性参与者62名，占21%；年龄在45-55岁的有73人，占24%；55-65岁的有158人，占52%；65-75岁的有48人，占16%；75岁以上的最少有24人，占8%。（2）参与者锻炼情况：练习大众健身套路的中老年人占36%，练习柔力球规定套路的占32%，练习自选套路的占23%，练习竞技对抗的占9%；43%的中老年人选择在社区中锻炼；24%选择在专门的场地中练习；19%选择在广场中练习；14%选择在公园练习；有21%的中老年人选择在上午进行锻炼，7%选择在下午进行锻炼，35%选择在晚上进行锻炼；每天练习柔力球的时间一到两小时比例最高达到了47%，一小时以内占38%，两小时以上占15%。（3）参与者认识情况：认为柔韧性增强的占26%，肺活量增加的占24%，平衡能力增强的占21%，反应变快的占18%，免疫力提高的占11%；28%的参与者练习柔力球后变得性格开朗、25%变得乐于交流、22%减少了孤独感、15%增强了自信、10%情绪变得稳定；38%的参与者是通过网络、电视、报纸等媒体渠道了解的柔力球运动，51%是通过他人介绍的，其他途径了解的占11%。（4）软硬件情况：69%的被调查者参加过全国柔力球培训班，94%参加过省市培训班。有41%的被调查者能够经常受到柔力球教练员的指导，24%偶尔受到柔力球教练员指导，没有受到过指导的占12%。，一直能受到指导的占23%；认为场地刚好够用的占到了61%，认为场地宽敞多余的占到了29%，认为场地狭小不堪的仅占10%。有65%的人认为设施缺乏，有27%的人认为设施完备够用，仅有8%的人认为设施充裕有富余。（5）因子分析结果：柔力球运动在晋中市榆次区中老年人群开展的主要影响因素有4个：参与主体影响因素，柔力球项目影响因素，软硬件影响因素，政府、媒体和经费影响因素。结论与建议：（1）柔力球运动对中老年人的身心健康有积极地促进作用，尤其深受中老年女性的喜爱，但是男性参与者偏少。因此，要注意吸引更多的、学习能力更强的中年人群和男性爱好者参与到柔力球运动中来。（2）柔力球运动在我国至今尚未立项、管理体系不完备、理论体系不完善，极大的阻碍了柔力球运动在中老年人群的开展。因此，必须加快柔力球运动的立项工作，完善柔力球的理论体系与管理体系，，丰富柔力球的练习内容，严格控制其质量和难易程度。（3）柔力球锻炼活动场地的数量和面积能够满足目前中老年爱好者的需求，但仍存在设备短缺、个别站点人数过多、缺乏专业教练员、比赛和培训班的举办次数较少以及锻炼队伍整体水平不高等问题。因此，要完善柔力球活动站的建设，加大场地和器材设施的资金投入，扩大培训班与比赛的规模和知名度，健全教练员培训制度和机制。（4）由于晋中市经济发展水平和媒体关注度不高以及柔力球活动站经费不足等原因，限制了柔力球运动在晋中市全民范围内的推广和普及。应该重视媒体宣传柔力球运动的重要性；结合晋中市当今的经济发展水平，呼吁政府和企业给予柔力球活动站和锻炼队伍更多经费上的支持和帮助。
[Abstract]:Objective : To promote the development of soft - force ball movement in middle - aged and middle - aged people in China in order to better understand the situation of soft - force ball movement in middle - aged and old - aged population and improve the overall level of soft - force ball movement in the middle - aged and old age group .

Methods : The present situation and influencing factors of soft - force ball movement in the middle - aged and old - aged group were studied . First , 325 middle - aged and old people ( 259 women and 66 men ) aged over 45 years were investigated by issuing and recycling questionnaires . In this paper , four questions about the basic situation of middle - aged and old soft - force ball participants , 5 questions about exercise , 5 questions about the situation , 5 questions about the situation of hardware and software , 5 questions about factor analysis , and the strategies of solving the problem are discussed . Secondly , the statistical software SPSS 18.0 is used to deal with the data , such as percentage statistics , frequency analysis , factor analysis and so on , to generate relevant chart data , and the reason of the data difference is obvious from the deep level .

Results : 325 questionnaires were distributed , 312 were recovered , the recovery rate was 96 % , the effective questionnaires were 303 and the effective rate was 97 % . The main results were as follows :

( 1 ) Basic information of participants : 241 female participants , 79 % and 62 male participants , accounting for 21 % ;
73 in the age of 45 - 55 , accounting for 24 per cent ;
158 at the age of 55 - 65 , accounting for 52 per cent ;
48 in the age of 65 - 75 , accounting for 16 per cent ;
At least 24 persons over the age of 75 , accounting for 8 per cent .

( 2 ) Exercise condition of the participants : 36 % of the middle - aged and old people who practice the public fitness routines , 32 % of practicing soft - force balls , 23 % of practicing self - selection , and 9 % of the practice competition .
43 % of middle - aged and old people choose to exercise in the community ;
24 % choose to practice in a dedicated site ;
19 % choose to practice in the square ;
14 % choose to practice in the park ;
Twenty - one percent of the middle - aged and the elderly choose to exercise in the morning , 7 % choose to exercise in the afternoon , 35 % choose to exercise at night ;
The proportion of time to two hours is up to 47 % , 38 % within one hour and 15 % over two hours .

( 3 ) Participants ' knowledge : 26 % of the increase of flexibility , 24 % increase in lung activity , 21 % of balanced capacity enhancement , 18 % faster response and 11 % improvement in immunity ;
Twenty - eight percent of participants became sexually active after the flex ball , 25 percent became happy , 22 percent reduced loneliness , 15 percent enhanced confidence , and 10 percent emotionally stable ;
Thirty - eight per cent of participants are flexible ball movements that are known through media outlets such as networks , television , newspapers and the like , and 51 per cent are shared by others and 11 per cent are known .

( 4 ) The hardware and software cases : 69 % of the respondents took part in the national soft ball training course and 94 % attended the provincial training courses . 41 % of the respondents were able to be guided by the flexible ball coach regularly , while 24 % had been guided by the flexible ball coach , and had not been instructed to account for 12 % .
About 61 % of the site ' s space is considered to be sufficient , and it is considered that the site ' s spacious surplus accounted for 29 % of the space , which accounts for only 10 percent of the space . 65 percent said the facilities lacked , 27 percent said the facilities were complete enough , and only 8 percent thought the facilities had plenty of surplus .

( 5 ) Factor analysis results : The main influencing factors of soft - force ball movement in middle - aged and old - aged people in Yulin district of Jinzhong City are four factors : participation subject influence factor , impact factor of flexible ball project , software and hardware influence factor , government , media and financial impact factor .

Conclusions and recommendations :

( 1 ) Soft - force ball movement plays a positive role in the physical and mental health of the middle - aged and old people , especially in the middle - aged and old women , but there are few male participants . Therefore , attention should be paid to attracting more middle - aged and male fans with stronger learning ability to participate in the soft - force ball movement .

( 2 ) The flexible ball movement has not been established in our country till now , the management system is incomplete , the theory system is not perfect , greatly hinders the movement of the flexible ball in the middle - aged and elderly population . Therefore , it is necessary to speed up the work of flexible ball movement , perfect the theory system and management system of the flexible ball , enrich the practice content of the flexible ball , and strictly control the quality and the difficulty degree .

( 3 ) The number and area of flexible ball exercise field can meet the needs of middle - aged and elderly people , but there is still equipment shortage , too many individual sites , lack of professional coaches , competitions and training courses , and low overall level of exercise team . Therefore , to improve the construction of flexible ball movable station , increase the fund investment of field and equipment facilities , expand the scale and popularity of training courses and competitions , and improve the training system and mechanism of coaches .

( 4 ) Due to the low economic development level of Jinzhong city and the low level of media attention and the shortage of flexible ball station , the promotion and popularization of soft ball movement in the whole people range of Jinzhong City are restricted .
In combination with the present economic development level in Jinzhong City , we call upon the government and enterprises to give more financial support and assistance to flexible ball stations and exercise teams .

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G849.9;G812.48

【参考文献】