排球运动员判断发球落点中的认知加工特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 23:15

本文选题：排球 + 运动员　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以长春师范大学体育学院24名男排球运动员为受试者,按不同运动水平分为两组,高水平组为体育学院运动训练排球专项班12名国家二级运动员,低水平组为体育学院体育教育专业排球专选班12名普通学生,被试均为男性,把排球运动员在判断发球落点时的运动情景作为刺激材料,探讨排球运动员判断发球落点过程中的认知加工特征研究,同时对不同运动水平的排球运动员观看不同发球方式的刺激材料的眼动指标进行记录分析,为排球运动员科学的训练和提高竞技能力提供理论依据。结果发现:(1)不同水平的排球运动员预判落点的认知加工特征有较大差异,优秀运动员的判断发球落点时的主要注视部位是肩、手臂、手腕和腰而普通运动员对球和上之躯干和头也进行了注视分配,且比例占总注视分配的40%。(2)运动员的运动水平越高,运动员的反应速度越快,判断越准确。运动员对威力较大的跳发球预判准确率最低,反应时最长。对原地飘球的预判准确率最高,反应时最短,对跳飘球的预判准确性和反应时居于跳发球和跳飘球之间。(3)优秀运动员在判断发球落点时采用的认知加工模式较专选班学生更合理,在判断跳发球落点时,优秀运动员在预判不同发球方式中都采用了合理的认知加工模式。优秀运动员在判断跳发球落点时的采用了眼跳距离长,注视持续时间短,注视次数多,注视点连接成纺锤状的认知加工模式。建议:在对排球运动员发球落点判断中的认知加工进行训练时,可将运动员的主要注视点放在肩、手臂、手腕、和腰等获取信息源的主要部位进行训练。对排球运动员落点判断的认知加工特征研究应重点针对运动员反应的快慢和准确率进行,而对运动员的视觉搜索能力研究则应选择更多的运动情景进行综合判断,不能单一的选择发球方式进行,通过探讨排球运动员在判断发球落点中的认知加工特征,在研究成果里显示了,优秀运动员认知加工时的加工优势,但在以后研究中可以采用其他运动情景相结合的方式进一步揭示优秀运动员的认知加工优势。
[Abstract]:In this paper, 24 male volleyball players from College of physical Education of Changchun normal University were divided into two groups according to different sports level.The low level group consisted of 12 ordinary students of volleyball specialized in physical education major in physical education college, all of whom were male. The sports scene of volleyball players when judging the service landing point was used as the stimulating material.This paper probes into the cognitive processing characteristics of volleyball players in the process of judging the landing point of serve, and records and analyzes the eye movement indexes of volleyball players with different sports levels who watch the stimulating materials of different serve ways.It provides theoretical basis for scientific training and improvement of competitive ability of volleyball players.The results showed that there were great differences in cognitive processing characteristics of volleyball players at different levels in determining the landing point, and the main fixation position of the elite players in judging the landing point of serve was shoulder and arm.The wrist and waist, and the average athlete also assigned the ball and the trunk and head of the ball and the upper torso, and the proportion of the total fixation distribution was 40 / 2) the higher the athlete's sports level was, the faster the reaction speed was and the more accurate the judgment was.Players have the lowest predictive accuracy and the longest reaction time for the powerful jump serve.The accuracy of prediction is the highest, and the reaction time is the shortest.The accuracy and reaction time of the jump float ball is between the jump serve and the float ball.) the cognitive processing mode used by the excellent athletes in judging the service landing point is more reasonable than that of the special class students. When judging the jump serve landing point, the excellent athletes adopt a more reasonable cognitive processing mode than the students in the special class.Excellent athletes have adopted reasonable cognitive processing mode in different serving modes.The excellent athletes used the cognitive processing mode of long distance of eye jump, short duration of fixation, more times of fixation, and the fixation points connected into spindle-like cognitive processing mode when judging the landing point of jump serve.It is suggested that in the training of volleyball players' cognitive processing in the judgment of serve landing point, the main fixation points can be placed on the shoulders, arms, wrists, waist and so on to obtain the main information sources for training.The research on the cognitive processing characteristics of volleyball players' landing point judgment should focus on the speed and accuracy of athletes' reaction, while the research on the athletes' visual search ability should select more sports situations for comprehensive judgment.We can't choose the serve way alone. By discussing the characteristics of the volleyball players' cognitive processing in judging the service landing point, the research results show the processing advantages of the excellent athletes in the cognitive processing.However, in the later studies, the cognitive processing advantages of elite athletes can be further revealed by combining other sports scenarios.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G842

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