足球守门员判断点球预期线路的眼动特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 10:49

本文选题：足球 + 守门员　；参考：《成都体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：眼睛是人类获取外部信息的主要途径,通过记录人的眼球运动来研究人的心理变化被广泛应用于心理学中。体育运动中运动场景瞬息万变,随时都需要运动员通过观察并做出准确判断,眼动仪可以提供运动员在判断过程中的注视轨迹及视觉搜索策略,眼动分析法被认为是研究人类信息提取最为有效的手段之一。本文以足球守门员和普通在校大学生观看不同足球运动员主罚点球为实验材料,对足球守门员在防守点球过程中的眼动特征进行研究。本实验一共有20名被试参与,其中足球守门员10名(达到国家二级水平以上,且最近一年内有参与比赛),普通在校大学生10名(没有参加过正式的足球守门员训练,但有足球守门员的经验),参与实验的人员视力及矫正视力均达到5.0以上,无色盲色弱等问题,身体及心理健康。实验以自行拍摄的足球运动员主罚点球视频为刺激材料,实验仪器采用美国应用科学实验室(ASL)生产的ASL-D6眼动记录仪,通过实验来分析运动员判断过程中的反应时、正确率及眼动指标,应用SPSS16.0统计学软件和Microsoft Excl工作表进行统计分析。研究结果:(1)专家组足球守门员判断点球线路时的眼动注视轨迹大体一致,通过对其总结得出注视轨迹线路:头—髋—支撑腿—摆动腿—球,而新手组的注视轨迹比较散乱、没有规律性。(2)在不同类型刺激材料中,专家组和新手组的反应时和准确率存在显著性差异,专家组的反应时较新手组的反应时快;专家组守门员判断点球方向的正确率比新手组足球守门员更高。(3)专家组足球守门员比新手组足球守门员具有更高的信息加工效率。专家组守门员观看比赛情境实验片段比新手组观看比赛情境实验片段更接近于实际;专家组足球守门员的注视时间更长,注视位置较少,注视位置明确;新手组大学生的注视位置多,注视时间短,注视位置分散。(4)随着实验材料难度的增加,专家组和新手组判断点球方向的正确率逐渐降低,反应时逐渐增加。在A、B实验片段是足球守门员判断点球方向的关键期,专家组被试把观看罚球运动员的髋、支撑腿、摆动腿和球作为决定射门方向的主要观察点。新手组被试的注视比较散乱,没有重点注视区域;专家组的反应时短、正确率较高;新手组的反应时时间较长、正确率也较低。新手组被试的注视没有规律性。在C实验片段两组被试之间没有差异。(5)在本实验条件下,足球守门员的临场经验、训练程度及运动水平是影响各个位置上注视时间及注视次数的主要因素,直接影响运动员判断点球线路的整个过程。
[Abstract]:Eye is the main way for human to obtain external information. It is widely used in psychology to study human psychological changes by recording human eye movements.The sports scene changes rapidly in sports, and athletes need to observe and make accurate judgment at any time. Eye movement instrument can provide the watching track and visual search strategy of athletes in the process of judging.Eye movement analysis is considered to be one of the most effective methods to study human information extraction.In this paper, the characteristics of eye movement of football goalkeeper in the process of defending penalty kick are studied by using football goalkeeper and ordinary college students to watch different football players' penalty kicks.A total of 20 participants participated in the experiment, of which 10 were football goalkeepers (above the national second level, and in the last year), 10 ordinary college students (no formal football goalkeeper training),But with the experience of the goalkeeper in football, the visual acuity and corrected visual acuity of the people involved in the experiment are all above 5.0, and there is no problem of color blindness and color weakness, physical and mental health.The experiment is based on the video of soccer players' penalty shootings, and the ASL-D6 eye motion recorder produced by the American Applied Science Laboratory (ASL) is used to analyze the reaction of the athletes in the judging process.The correct rate and eye movement index were analyzed by SPSS16.0 software and Microsoft Excl worksheet.In different types of stimuli, the response time and accuracy of the expert group and the novice group were significantly different, and the response time of the expert group was faster than that of the novice group.The expert group goalkeeper has higher accuracy than the novice soccer goalkeeper) the expert group goalkeeper has higher information processing efficiency than the novice soccer goalkeeper.The goalie of the group of experts watching the scene experiment segment of the match is closer to the reality than the novice group, and the football goalkeeper of the group of experts has a longer fixation time, less fixed position and clear fixation position.With the increase of the difficulty of experimental materials, the correct rate of judging the direction of penalty kick in expert group and novice group decreased gradually, and the reaction time increased gradually.During the critical period in which the goalie judges the direction of penalty kick, the expert group takes the hip, supporting leg, swinging leg and ball as the main observation points to determine the direction of shooting.In the novice group, the fixation time was scattered, and there was no focus area; the response time of the expert group was short and the correct rate was higher; the response time of the novice group was longer and the accuracy rate was lower.The novice subjects had no regularity in their gaze.There was no difference between the two groups of subjects in the C experiment segment. (5) under this experimental condition, the field experience, training level and sports level of the goalkeeper were the main factors affecting the fixation time and the number of fixation times in each position.It directly affects the whole process of judging the penalty kick circuit.
【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G843

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