山东省冠县张氏查拳的传承与发展研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 11:54

  本文选题：传统武术 + 冠县　； 参考：《青海师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界全球化的发展,越来越多的新鲜事物进入了国人的视线,在开拓国人视野的同时,外来事物对中国的本土文化也有着较大冲击。在体育领域上,西方体育文化的进入,导致了传统体育文化生存和发展的环境发生了改变。因此,传统武术的发展面临着诸多严峻问题,就目前来看,武术的发展重心比较偏向于竞技武术,在此过程中由于过度追求竞技武术的发展而失去了其民族特点,造成了不可估量的损失。其次,保护意识不强,保护水平和层次还比较低,造成了传统武术的大量流失。武林之中一直流传着“南拳北腿山东查”的说法,张氏查拳是查拳三大流派之一,起源于山东省冠县,以冠县张其维为代表。其特点是动作快速敏捷,拳法招术严谨,拳法密集,拳法中多有横力,其传播主要分布于山东省冠县一带,因此对张氏查拳进行保护也是迫在眉睫。本文运用文献资料法、田野考察法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法,以山东省冠县张氏查拳为研究对象,以冠县张氏查拳习练者为调查对象,首先是对张氏查拳的基本概述,从张氏查拳的起源、风格、特点等方面进行阐述;其次是对张氏查拳套路的介绍,包括功法套路、基础套路、徒手套路、器械套路;然后是对张氏查拳的传承体系进行阐述,再次是对习练者基本情况(分布区域、性别、年龄、学历、职业)以及冠县张氏查拳习练者的现状(习练动机、习练途径、习练时间、对发展现状及前景的认识)。最后指出冠县张氏查拳发展受到制约的因素以及当地政府为了促进张氏查拳发展的实施对策,并得出结论提出自己的建议。本文得出以下结论:(1)冠县地区17个乡镇均有张氏查拳习练者,其中冠城镇分布村落最多;(2)习练者男性居多,女性偏少;(3)年龄分布失调,出现“中间空,两头少”的现象;(4)文化程度偏低,多处于高中以下;(5)习练者大多是农民和在校学生,教师行业虽然习练者不多,但是大多数体育教师会习练张氏查拳;(6)绝大多数习练者是出于强身健体的动机去练习张氏查拳,其次是兴趣爱好;(7)通过学校教学作为习练途径的习练者是最多的,其次是拳师口授身传,也就是师徒传授模式;(8)习练者的练习年限分布很不均匀,2年以下的习练者占到了58%,这在一定程度限制了张氏查拳的发展,其中有一部分习练者中途放弃练习是因为站桩练习;(9)习练者对张氏查拳在冠县的现状还很满意,对前景也充满憧憬。通过调查访谈得知制约张氏查拳在冠县发展的主要因素有:(1)地方资金不足,无法进行更好地宣传;(2)传承人断层现象严重;(3)拳术体系内容丰富,难以全面继承;(4)缺乏高素质训练人才,各组织之间缺乏交流。为了促进张氏查拳更好的发展,也采取了一些措施:(1)深入开展传统体育校园课程;(2)申报省级、国家级非物质文化遗产;(3)借助媒体大力宣传。最后提出自己的建议:(1)广泛开展传统武术交流和比赛活动;(2)走进社区群众,服务于全民健身运动;(3)重视家庭、宗族教育对张氏查拳传承的影响;(4)与当地旅游资源相结合,走商业化道路。
[Abstract]:With the development of globalization in the world, more and more new things have entered the eyes of the Chinese people. At the same time, the foreign things have a great impact on the local culture of China. In the field of sports, the entry of western sports culture has led to the change of the environment for the survival and development of traditional sports culture. Therefore, the traditional sports culture has changed. The development of Wushu is faced with a lot of serious problems. At present, the focus of the development of Wushu is biased towards the competitive martial arts. In this process, it has lost its national characteristics and caused immeasurable loss due to the excessive pursuit of Competitive Wushu. Secondly, the protection consciousness is not strong, the level of protection and the level are still low, resulting in the traditional martial arts. There has been a lot of loss of art. The "South boxing and North leg Shandong check" has been circulated in Wulin. Zhang's charisma is one of the three genres of Zhan Quan. It originated from Guanxian in Shandong Province, which is represented by Guanxian Zhang Qiwei. It is characterized by rapid and agile movement, rigorous boxing, dense boxing, and more transverse punching in boxing. Its spread is mainly distributed in the crown of Shandong province. In the area of the county, it is also imminent to protect Zhang's charisma. This paper uses literature, fieldwork, expert interview, questionnaire, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, taking Zhangshi Quan in Guanxian, Shandong as the research object, and first is the basic probability of Zhang's Cheung's chariac punches. This paper expounds the origin, style and characteristics of Zhang's charcst, followed by the introduction of Zhang's charisma, including the utility approach, the basic routine, the unarmed way, the instrument routine, and then the inheritance system of Zhang's charisma, and again the basic situation of the practitioner (distribution area, sex, age, degree, occupation) and the crown. The present situation of Zhang's charisma practice (practice motivation, practice way, practice time, understanding of development status and prospects). Finally, it points out the restrictive factors of the development of Zhangshi Quan in Guanxian and the Countermeasures for the local government to promote the development of Zhang's charisma, and draws his own suggestions. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) crown 17 villages and towns in the county have Zhang's charisma practice, among which the crowns are the largest in the villages; (2) the practitioners are mostly male and the female is less; (3) the age distribution is dissonant, the phenomenon of "middle space, two less"; (4) low cultural level and below the high school; (5) the practitioners are mostly farmers and students, and teachers industry practitioners are practiced. Not much, but most sports teachers will practice Zhang's charisma; (6) most practitioners are motivated to practise Zhang's charisma, followed by hobbies, and (7) the most practicers are practiced through school teaching, followed by the boxer's oral biography, that is, the mode of teacher and apprenticeship; (8) practice year of the practitioners. The limit distribution is very uneven, 58% of the practitioners under 2 years, which limits the development of Zhang's charisma to a certain extent. Some of the practitioners give up the practice because of the post practice; (9) the practitioners are satisfied with the present situation in Guanxian and are full of prospects. The main factors in Guanxian development are: (1) lack of local funds, unable to carry out better publicity; (2) serious fault phenomenon of inheritors; (3) rich content of the boxing system, difficult to inherit completely; (4) lack of high-quality training personnel, the lack of communication between organizations. Exhibition of traditional PE campus courses; (2) declare provincial, national intangible cultural heritage; (3) with the help of media publicity. Finally, put forward their own suggestions: (1) extensive development of traditional Wushu exchange and competition activities; (2) entering the community, serving the national fitness and movement; (3) attaching importance to the family, clan education on the impact of Zhang's charive boxing inheritance; (4) and when The tourism resources are combined and the road of commercialization is taken.

【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G852.12
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本文编号：1777637