高原训练前后优秀赛艇运动员微循环指标与身体机能指标变化规律的研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 12:40

本文选题：优秀男子轻量级赛艇运动员 + 训练阶段　；参考：《西安体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:通过对男子轻量级赛艇运动员不同训练阶段微循环指标及常规机能指标的监测,探讨不同训练阶段微循环指标的变化特点及其与常规机能指标的关系,以便为无创微循环指标更好的应用于运动员身体机能状态监控提供参考。方法:以8名轻量级男子单桨赛艇运动员为研究对象,使用PeriFlux System5000激光多普勒血流监测仪对运动员肱二头肌进行测试,测试值指标包括MBP(微循环血流灌注量)、AVBC(血细胞平均运动速度)、CMBC(运动血细胞浓度),测试值包括基础值和加热后值。整个训练阶段包括高原前的8周平原训练、6周高原训练及2周高原后训练。上高原前5周、3周、2周、1周,高原训练第3天、第1周、第3周、第5周、第6周及下高原后第2周各测试1次并在相应的时间节点进行常规机能指标测试(指尖血),包括BU(血尿素)、CK(肌酸激酶)、Hb(血红蛋白)等,并在重点周次静脉抽血进行T(睾酮)、C(皮质醇)测试。对运动员高原前后微循环指标以及常规生理生化指标的变化情况及二者的相关性进行分析;并对在高原训练后达到的最好效果与高原前进行配对比较。结果:(1)MBP无论是基础值或是加热前均呈现出“V”型的变化趋势。高原第1周显降低,随后逐步上升,第6周值明显高于高原训练的第1周(P0.05);下高原后两周MBP的各项值继续增高,其中,MBP加热前后明显高于高原训练的第1周(P0.05)。(2)AVBC无论是基础值或是加热前均呈现出“W”型的变化趋势。平原阶段,AVBC加热前后的差值逐步下降,高原训练的第3天AVBC加热前后的差值有所上升,但高原训练的第1周却明显下降。随着高原训练的继续推进,AVBC加热前后的差值不断上升,并在高原训练的第6周明显高于高原训练的第1周(P0.05);下高原第2周AVBC加热前后的差值继续上升,并显高于高原训练的第1周(P0.05),但和高原训练的第6周无显著差异。CMBC的变化情况基本与AVBC相反。(3)高原前BU都保持在8mmol/L左右,进入高原后有所下降,并在高原训练的第1周降到本次训练的最低值;第3周上升到8mmol/L左右,其后几周变化不大。下高原后BU明显下降,并显著低于高原训练第3天和第1周(P0.05)。(4)高原前CK呈现出不断下降的趋势,高原训练第1周继续下降,第3周和第5周明显升高,并显著高于高原训练第1周(P0.05),高原训练第6周CK明显下降,下高原后进一步下降,并显著低于高原训练第3周和第5周。(5)平原训练阶段Hb变化不大,但进入高原后有所增高。整个高原训练期间和高原训练后Hb变化比较平稳,维持在165-170g/dl之间。(6)T/C的变化基本呈现出先逐步下降后又有所上升的趋势。上高原第3天的测试值与上高原前1周测试值相比有显著下降(P0.05);在上高原第3周的测试时,达到本次高原训练所测最低值,显著低于上高原前1周所测数据(P0.05);后在下高原后1周测试时,T/C值又出现一定的升高。(7)微循环血流储备能力与各常规机能指标呈现出一定的相关性,其中与Hb呈存在正相关,与BU存在负相关,同时与CK存在负相关(P0.05);与T/C存在负相关(P0.05);血细胞浓度储备能力与Hb呈存在正相关(P0.05),与BU存在正相关,同时CK存在正相关,与T/C之间存在负相关;血细胞运动速度储备能力与Hb呈存在负相关(P0.05),与BU、CK存在负相关,与T/C的变化存在正相关。结论:(1)高原训练期间运动员最大血流储备的变化与高原特殊的缺氧环境和运动负荷的安排关系密切,且相比于运动强度,运动负荷量对运动员微循环血流储备能力的影响更大。(2)运动员在高原训练前后身体机能指标与微循环指标未出现较大波动,基本上保证训练的连续性,因此本次高原训练教练员训练负荷的安排较为合理、科学,对赛艇运动员有氧能力的提升起到了一定的作用,运动员下高原后的专项测试成绩高于上高原前的测试水平。(3)微循环指标的变化与常规机能指标的变化具有一定的相关性,鉴于两组指标的优势和弊端,认为两组指标在监控中可互为补充,对运动员机能状态的综合诊断可起到重要的作用。(4)微循环血流储备能力对运动员有氧能力变化有着密切的关系,对于运动员有氧能力的诊断具有较高的参考价值,且无创,这或可成为今后运动员有氧能力能力判定新的机能学指标。
[Abstract]:Objective: through the monitoring of microcirculation index and routine function index of men's lightweight rowers at different training stages, the change characteristics of microcirculation index in different training stages and the relationship with conventional functional indexes are discussed so as to provide a reference for the better application of non invasive microcirculation index to the monitoring of physical function state of athletes. Methods: 8 light weight men single oar rowers were used as the research object. The PeriFlux System5000 laser Doppler blood flow monitor was used to test the biceps brachii muscles of the athletes. The test values included MBP (microcirculation perfusion), AVBC (blood cell average velocity), CMBC (blood cell concentration), and the test value included basic value and addition. The whole training stage includes 8 weeks plain training before the plateau, 6 weeks of plateau training and 2 weeks after plateau training. 5 weeks, 3 weeks, 2 weeks, 1 weeks before the plateau, third days of plateau training, first weeks, third weeks, fifth weeks, sixth weeks and lower plateau, and routine function test (fingertip blood) at the corresponding time nodes, including the BU (fingertip blood). Blood urea), CK (creatine kinase), Hb (hemoglobin), and the test of T (testosterone) and C (cortisol) in the key peripheral venous blood. The changes of microcirculation index and the changes of normal physiological and biochemical indexes before and after the plateau and the correlation between the two were analyzed, and the best effect after the plateau training was matched with the plateau before the plateau training. Results: (1) (1) the change trend of "V" in both the basic value and before the heating was shown. The plateau first weeks decreased significantly, then gradually increased, and the sixth week value was significantly higher than that of the plateau training (P0.05), and the values of MBP continued to increase two weeks after the plateau, and the MBP was significantly higher than the first weeks (P0.05) before and after the plateau training. (P0.05). 2) AVBC showed a "W" change trend both in basic value and before heating. In plain stage, the difference between before and after the heating of AVBC gradually decreased, and the difference between before and after the third days of plateau training was increased, but the first weeks of plateau training decreased obviously. As the training of the plateau continued, the difference between before and after the heating of AVBC continued to go up. The sixth weeks of high altitude training was significantly higher than that of first weeks at high altitude training (P0.05). The difference between before and after the second weeks of Plateau AVBC heating continued to rise, and was significantly higher than the first weeks of plateau training (P0.05), but there was no significant difference between the plateau training and the sixth weeks of altitude training. The change of.CMBC was basically the opposite of AVBC. (3) BU before the plateau remained around 8mmol/L. After first weeks of plateau training, the plateau decreased to the lowest value of this training. The third weeks rose to about 8mmol/L, and the subsequent weeks changed little. After the plateau, the BU decreased significantly, and was significantly lower than the plateau training for third days and first weeks (P0.05). (4) the CK showed a declining trend before the plateau, and the plateau training continued to decline for first weeks and third weeks. And fifth weeks significantly higher, and significantly higher than the plateau training for first weeks (P0.05), plateau training for sixth weeks CK significantly decreased, after the plateau further descended, and significantly lower than the plateau training for third weeks and fifth weeks. (5) the plain training phase Hb changed little, but after the plateau increased. The whole plateau training period and the plateau training after the Hb changes are relatively flat. It is stable and maintained between 165-170g/dl. (6) the change of T/C is basically gradually decreasing and rising. The test value of the third days on the plateau is significantly lower than that before the upper plateau (P0.05). In the third week test on the plateau, the minimum value of the plateau training is reached, significantly lower than the number of the measured numbers in the 1 weeks before the plateau. According to (P0.05); after 1 weeks after the lower altitude test, the value of T/C showed a certain increase. (7) there was a certain correlation between the blood flow reserve ability of microcirculation and the routine function index, which had a positive correlation with Hb, negative correlation with BU, and negative correlation with CK (P0.05), and negative correlation with T/C (P0.05); blood cell concentration reserve capacity. There was positive correlation with Hb (P0.05), positive correlation with BU, positive correlation with CK, negative correlation with T/C, and negative correlation between blood cell speed reserve and Hb (P0.05), negative correlation with BU and CK, and positive correlation with the change of T/C. (1) the change of maximum blood flow reserve of athletes during plateau training and plateau special There is a close relationship between the hypoxic environment and the arrangement of exercise load, and the effect of the exercise load on the reserve ability of the microcirculation blood flow is greater than the exercise intensity. (2) there is no significant fluctuation in the physical function index and microcirculation index before and after the training of the athletes. The coaches' training load arrangement is more reasonable and scientific, which plays a certain role in improving the aerobic ability of the rowers. The athletes' special test results after the plateau are higher than those before the plateau. (3) the change of the microcirculation index is related to the change of the conventional function index, and the advantages of the two groups are the advantages. The two sets of indexes can be complementary in monitoring and monitoring, which can play an important role in the comprehensive diagnosis of the athletes' functional state. (4) the ability of the microcirculation blood flow reserve has a close relationship with the changes of the athletes' aerobic capacity. It has a high reference value for the diagnosis of the athletes' aerobic ability, and it is noninvasive. This may be the future. Athletes' aerobic capacity determines new functional indexes.

【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.4

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