长春市高校女子100米栏运动员培养现状及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 18:58

本文选题：长春市 + 高校　；参考：《东北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：跨栏运动拥有十分悠久的历史,最初起源于原始社会自然界中人类为了躲避猛兽追赶和捕猎在急速奔跑中跨越障碍的运动,并在19世纪英国发达的畜牧业基础上发展演变成在跑道中人为摆放栏架的形式。女子跨栏跑晚于男子项目出现,在1932第十届洛杉矶奥运会上正式被列为田径项目,早期跑道长度为80米,共设8个栏架,随着运动员身体素质的不断提高,最后定型为总长100米,共设10个栏架,栏间距8.5米,栏高0.84米。保加利亚、美国、牙买加、加拿大等国在女子100米栏项目上始终保持着领先优势,到目前为止,保加利亚选手顿科娃在1988年创造的12.21秒的世界纪录尚未被打破。我国在该项目上始终未能取得突破,即使刘翔在2004年取得奥运冠军并多次打破世界纪录并引领一波“跨栏热”的背景下,也未能带动女子跨栏项目水平的提升,直接体现在目前我国高校女子100米栏成绩平平。本文综合运用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查、录像分析和数理统计等方法,对吉林大学、东北师范大学、长春师范大学女子100米栏运动员和教练员进行细致的考察,分析总结了长期存在的诸多问题。研究认为:整体水平处于较低的水平,仅有一名一级运动员,达到一级以上的比例较小,尚不具备代表国家参与国际竞争的实力。大部分运动员对力量和耐力训练重视度不够;平跑速度较慢,跑步节奏感不强;跑跨、跨跑和栏间技术不够规范,没有找到适合自身条件的合理习惯;体力分配不合理,造成全程节奏不均匀;心理素质较弱,在关键比赛中容易发挥失常;教练员水平一般,多方面需要改进;培养体系落后,无法满足现代体育对高素质运动员和教练员的要求。并根据这些问题产生的原因提出了针对性的对策,包括改善现有训练方法、重视运动员心理疏导、建立优秀的人才培养体系、加强教练员队伍建设、增加与先进国家交流等,希望能够为长春市各高校提高100米栏运动成绩提供帮助。
[Abstract]:Hurdle sports have a very long history, originally originated in primitive society in the nature of human beings to avoid predators chasing and hunting in the rapid running over obstacles, And in the 19 th century, the developed animal husbandry developed into the form of artificial display of railings in the runway. The women's hurdle race appeared later than the men's event and was officially listed as a track and field event at the 1932 Los Angeles Olympic Games. The length of the early track was 80 meters, with a total of eight hurdles. With the continuous improvement of the athletes' physical quality, The final design for the total length of 100 meters, a total of 10 hurdles, bar spacing 8.5 meters, hurdle height of 0.84 meters. Bulgaria, the United States, Jamaica and Canada have consistently held the lead in the women's 100 meter hurdles. So far, Bulgarian Donkova's world record of 12.21 seconds set in 1988 has not been broken. China has never made a breakthrough in this event. Even when Liu Xiang won the Olympic championship in 2004 and broke the world record many times and led a wave of "hurdle fever", it also failed to promote the level of women's hurdle event. Directly reflected in the current female 100-meter hurdles in China's university achievements flat. Based on the methods of literature, expert interview, questionnaire, video analysis and mathematical statistics, this paper makes a careful investigation of female 100m hurdle athletes and coaches in Jilin University, Northeast normal University and Changchun normal University. The long-term problems are analyzed and summarized. The study shows that the overall level is at a lower level, with only one first-class athlete, and the proportion above the first class is relatively small, which does not have the strength to represent the country to participate in the international competition. Most of the athletes pay less attention to strength and endurance training; slow running speed, not strong sense of running rhythm; running span, cross running and hurdle technology is not standard enough, do not find a reasonable habit suitable for their own conditions; the distribution of physical strength is not reasonable. Cause the whole process rhythm uneven; psychological quality is weak, easy to play in key competitions, coaches level is general, many aspects need to be improved; the training system is backward, can not meet the requirements of modern sports for high-quality athletes and coaches. According to the causes of these problems, some countermeasures are put forward, including improving the existing training methods, attaching importance to the psychological guidance of athletes, establishing an excellent talent training system, strengthening the construction of coaches, increasing exchanges with advanced countries, etc. Hope to be able to Changchun colleges and universities to improve the 100-meter hurdles sports results to help.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G822.6

【参考文献】