不同形式颈后蹲预刺激对浅蹲纵跳能力即时影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 11:10

本文选题：后激活增强效应 + 颈后蹲　；参考：《天津体育学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：后激活增强效应(postactivation potentiation)是指一些人在一次最大或者次最大的力量负荷刺激后,随后的爆发性活动的运动表现会出现即时性提高的一种现象。后激活增强效应的效果受到刺激强度与方法、刺激后的恢复时间以及研究对象受训练程度等因素的影响。本研究旨在通过实验验证可以引导出浅蹲纵跳能力后激活增强效应的颈后蹲预刺激练习中,几种不同负荷-膝角组合形式的“负荷”“膝角”以及“间歇时间”这几个因素的最佳组合形式,进而为颈后蹲预刺激练习融入到爆发力项目的运动训练和比赛提供理论和实践方面的启发和借鉴。本研究共招募了10名受试者参加本研究的实验,首先在正式实验前一周测试受试者四个基础指标:膝角60°颈后蹲1RM、膝角90°颈后蹲1RM、膝角120°颈后蹲1RM以及受试者浅蹲纵跳起跳高度。在正式实验阶段每次测试内容大致相同,首先令受试者进行五分钟慢跑,然后完成常规训练时所使用的动力性拉伸进行热身,然后进行当日预定的“负荷-膝角”的颈后蹲预刺激练习,本实验所设计的“负荷-膝角”组合颈后蹲形式共有“负荷75%1RM-膝角60°”“负荷85%1RM-膝角60°”“负荷95%1RM-膝角60°”“负荷75%1RM-膝角90°”“负荷85%1RM-膝角90°”“负荷95%1RM-膝角90°”“负荷75%1RM-膝角120°”“负荷85%1RM-膝角120°”“负荷95%1RM-膝角120°”这九种组合形式,在每次实验中,受试者在专人保护下完成当日预定的“负荷-膝角”组合颈后蹲三组,每组一次,组间间歇1分钟,在完成预定颈后蹲预刺激练习后的第3分钟、第6分钟、第9分钟以及第12分钟这四个时间点上测试受试者的浅蹲纵跳摸高成绩,并记录受试者的测试结果,在实验后使用SPSS19.0系统对受试者的实验数据进行T检验与F检验的方差分析,并使用多元方差分析比较负荷、膝角以及间歇时间三个因素对后激活增强效应的影响。显著性定为误差概率小于0.05为显著,误差概率小于0.01为极为显著。研究结果为:(1)“负荷75%1RM-膝角60°”“负荷85%1RM-膝角60°”“负荷95%1RM-膝角60°”“负荷75%1RM-膝角90°”等四种组合的颈后蹲预刺激练习无法引导出对运动员浅蹲纵跳能力有显著促进作用的后激活增强效应;(2)“负荷85%1RM-膝角90°”“负荷75%1RM-膝角120°”等两种组合的颈后蹲预刺激练习所引导的后激活增强效应对运动员浅蹲纵跳能力有一定提高作用但未达到显著性提高;(3)“负荷95%1RM-膝角90°”“负荷85%1RM-膝角120°”“负荷95%1RM-膝角120°”等三种组合的颈后蹲预刺激练习所引导的后激活增强效应对运动员浅蹲纵跳能力有显著促进作用,其中“负荷85%1RM-膝角120°”“负荷95%1RM-膝角120°”这两种组合的颈后蹲预刺激所引导的后激活增强效应对运动员的浅蹲纵跳能力有极为显著的提高作用。(4)在不同的“负荷膝角”组合颈后蹲练习的各个因素对浅蹲纵跳能力的即时影响中,负荷因素、膝角因素均有着极为显著性的影响,但间歇时间因素对其没有显著性影响。(5)在负荷因素方面,负荷95%1RM的颈后蹲预刺激引导的后激活增强效应对受试者浅蹲纵跳能力的提高效果最大;在膝角因素方面,膝角120°的颈后蹲预刺激引导的后激活增强效应对受试者浅蹲纵跳能力的提高效果最大;在间歇时间因素方面,颈后蹲预刺激后9分钟左右时所引导的后激活增强效应对受试者浅蹲纵跳能力的提高效果最大。并得出以下结论:本文通过对九种不同的负荷-膝角组合的颈后蹲预刺激练习的实验研究,发现其中有三种对浅蹲纵跳能力有显著性即时提高作用,并且每种有促进作用的组合中的最佳间歇时间也被分别找出。但每种组合之间存在一定的差异,并且同一组合的练习中,不同的受试者的促进效果强弱,以及峰值到达的最佳间歇时间存在一定的差异,因此建议教练员和运动员在将这些组合的颈后蹲预刺激运用到运动实践当中时,采用接近90度以及120度以上的膝角颈后蹲的95%1RM的大负荷强度,在进行预刺激练习后间隔9分钟左右的间歇时间,但主要要还是结合运动员的实际情况选择适合运动员个人的最佳颈后蹲组合形式。本文对后激活增强效应的研究运用方面仍然局限于下肢爆发力方面的单一动作的实验,因而其在运动竞赛中对运动员的促进效果仍需进一步进行实验研究,因此建议后续的研究者可以尝试将研究重点放在后激活增强效应对各个爆发力运动项目专项体能的促进中。
[Abstract]:The post activation enhancement effect (postactivation potentiation) refers to a phenomenon in which some people are stimulated by a maximum or second maximum force load, and the performance of subsequent exploding activity appears to be improved instantaneously. The effect of the aftereffect is affected by the intensity and method of stimulation, the recovery time after the stimulation, and the object of study. The purpose of this study is to test the best combination of several different types of load - knee angle combination, "load", "knee angle" and "intermittent time", which can lead to the neck squat, which can lead to the activation enhancement effect after the squat jump ability. This study recruited 10 subjects to take part in this study. First of all, 10 subjects were tested in this study. First, four basic indexes of the subjects were tested first week before the formal experiment: knee angle 60 degree neck, knee angle 90 degree neck and 1RM, knee angle 120 degree neck squatting 1RM In the formal experiment stage, the subjects were first jogged for five minutes, and then the dynamic stretching of the routine training was completed, and then the "load knee angle" neck squat pre stimulation exercise was performed on the same day, and the experiment was designed. "Load - knee angle" combined neck squatting in the form of "load 75%1RM- knee angle 60", "load 85%1RM- knee angle", "load 95%1RM- knee angle 60", "load 75%1RM- knee angle 90", "load 85%1RM- knee angle 90", "load 95%1RM- knee angle 90", "load 75%1RM- knee angle 120", "negative 85%1RM- knee angle 120" "" load 95%1RM- knee angle " 120 degrees "of these nine combinations, in each experiment, the subjects were squatted in three groups after the" load knee angle "combined neck of the same day under the protection of the special person, each time and the interval of 1 minutes, and third minutes, sixth minutes, Ninth minutes and twelfth minutes to test the subjects at four time points after the scheduled neck squatting exercise was completed. The person's squat jumps are high, and the test results of the subjects are recorded. After the experiment, the SPSS19.0 system is used to carry out the variance analysis of T test and F test on the subjects' experimental data, and the effect of three factors on the post activation enhancement effect is compared with the multiple variance analysis. The rate less than 0.05 is significant, and the error probability is less than 0.01. The results are as follows: (1) "load 75%1RM- knee angle 60", "load 85%1RM- knee angle 60 degrees", "load 95%1RM- knee angle 60", "load 75%1RM- knee angle 90", and other four combinations of neck squat stimulation practice can not lead to a significant promotion of the squatting and longitudinal jump ability of athletes. The post activation enhancement effect of the action; (2) "load 85%1RM- knee angle 90 degrees" and "load 75%1RM- knee angle 120 degrees" and other two combinations of cervical squat stimulation exercise guided by the post activation enhancement effect on the squat squat longitudinal jump ability of athletes but not significantly improved; (3) "load 95%1RM- knee 90 degrees" "load 85%1RM- knee" The post activation enhancement effect led by three combinations of angle 120 degree "95%1RM- knee angle 120 degrees" and other combinations of neck squat stimulation exercise has a significant promotion effect on the squatting and longitudinal jumping ability of athletes, of which "load 85%1RM- knee angle", "load 95%1RM- knee angle 120 degrees", the two combination cervical squatting pre stimulation leads to the post activation enhancement. The effect has a remarkable improvement on the squatting and longitudinal jumping ability of the athletes. (4) in different "load knee angle" combination neck squat exercises in the immediate effect of the squatting capacity of the squat, the load factor, the knee angle factor have the extremely significant influence, but the interval time factor has no significant influence on it. (5) in the load In terms of factors, the effect of post cervical squat stimulation guided enhanced effect on the ability of squat longitudinal jump is the most effective for the subjects. In the angle of knee angle, the post cervical squat stimulation guided by the knee angle of 120 degrees is the most effective effect on the ability of squat longitudinal jump; in the interval of time, the posterior cervical squatting is the most effective. The effect of the post activation enhancement effect on the squatting and longitudinal jump ability of the subjects is the most effective after 9 minutes of prestimulation. And the following conclusions are drawn: in this paper, through the experimental study of nine different load knee corner combinations, there are three kinds of squat jumping ability. The best interval time in each combination is also identified. But there are certain differences between each combination, and in the same combination of exercises, the promotion effect of different subjects, and the optimal interval of peak arrival have a definite difference, therefore, the coaches and athletes are suggested to be in the way. These combined cervical squat stimulation is applied to exercise practice, with a large load intensity of 95%1RM, which is close to 90 degrees and more than 120 degrees in the knee angle neck, and intervals of 9 minutes or so after a pre stimulation exercise, but mainly to choose the best fit of the athlete's neck to fit the athlete's actual situation. In this paper, the study of post activation enhancement effect is still limited to the single action experiment of the lower limb explosive force, so it still needs to be further studied in the sports competition. Therefore, it is suggested that the follow-up researchers can try to put the focus on the post activation enhancement effect. We should promote the special physical fitness of all explosive sports.

【学位授予单位】：天津体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G808.1

【相似文献】