不同类型运动对骨密度影响的研究进展

发布时间：2018-05-22 20:40

本文选题：运动 + 肌肉收缩力　；参考：《上海体育学院学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：运动影响骨密度(BMD)的机制主要靠机械外力(肌肉收缩和地面反冲击力)直接作用而产生。关于两者对BMD的影响还没有定论,一般认为两者均有促进骨骼生长的作用。骨骼对作用于其上的一系列力学信号产生反应,如应变幅度、应变率、应变分布、应变梯度、频率、持续时间、加速、间歇等。在相同应变幅度下,爆发力项目对BMD提升的效果优于普通抗阻运动,高冲击性/临时冲击性活动对BMD提升的效果优于低冲击性活动。一定数量负荷循环可促进骨骼生长,长时间刺激使骨骼敏感度下降,当中有间歇可以增加成骨效应。由于运动时间长、运动量大等,耐力项目可引起睾酮/皮质醇比值降低、女性雌激素下降而对BMD的影响不太明显。不同类型的混合运动方案(包含抗阻训练和冲击性活动)对提升BMD的效果比单一运动好。不同频率的振动对BMD的影响值得深入研究。
[Abstract]:The mechanism of exercise affecting BMD is mainly caused by mechanical external force (muscle contraction and ground impact). The effect of both on BMD is still unknown, and it is generally believed that both play a role in promoting bone growth. Bones react to a series of mechanical signals acting on them, such as strain amplitude, strain rate, strain distribution, strain gradient, frequency, duration, acceleration, intermittent, etc. Under the same strain range, the effect of explosive force item on BMD lifting is better than that of general resistance movement, and the effect of high impact / temporary impact activity on BMD lifting is better than that of low impact activity. A certain amount of load circulation can promote bone growth, and long time stimulation can decrease the sensitivity of bone, some of which can increase the osteogenic effect. Because of long exercise time and large amount of exercise, endurance events can cause the decrease of testosterone / cortisol ratio and the decrease of female estrogen, but the effect on BMD is not obvious. Different types of mixed exercise schemes (including resistance training and impact activities) are more effective than single movement in improving BMD. The effect of vibration at different frequencies on BMD is worthy of further study.
【作者单位】：广州体育学院运动与健康促进重点实验室;广州体育学院运动与健康系;
【基金】：广东省教育厅创新强校资助项目(2014KTSCX122)
【分类号】：G804.2

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