基于比分的我国顶级乒乓球运动员赛中心理分析

发布时间：2018-05-27 18:01

  本文选题：乒乓球 + 顶级运动员　； 参考：《上海体育学院》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：尽管高水平乒乓球运动员已经具备较稳定的技战术能力,但由于比赛的对抗性,运动员的技战术发挥受他们赛中心理状态及对手发挥状况的影响。在乒乓球比赛中,比分的变化与运动员心理状态的波动有密切的联系,连续得分或反败为胜说明运动员心理状态良好,连续失分或翻盘现象则意味着运动员不良的心理状态。此外,比分变化还受到对手发挥的影响,基于比分对运动员心理状态的分析必须整合多场比赛的比分以消除对手因素的作用。因此,用比分变化探讨运动员赛中心理状态是研究高水平运动员心理变化特征的一个切入点。本研究尝试采用三次样条函数与插值的方法对多场比赛的比分变化进行综合分析,以直观的比分变化曲线定性和定量地推断运动员在真实比赛中心理状态变化特点。为探讨比赛重要性对乒乓球运动员赛中心理状态的影响,研究二以我国4名现役主力队员为研究对象,对他们的近3年的163场比赛比分数据进行曲线拟合和数据分析。研究结果显示比赛重要性对不同运动员的心理状态产生不同的影响。有些运动员能够承受较高的心理压力,在重要比赛中表现更加优异,但也有个别运动员在重要比赛中心理状态不够稳定,影响比赛发挥。由于我国顶级乒乓球运动员在重大国际比赛中面临海外兵团的挑战,为考察海外兵团对我国顶级选手赛中心理状态的影响,研究三采用同样的方法,对我国3名顶级女子乒乓球运动员在国际比赛中与海外兵团和国外好手对抗时的比分曲线进行了对比分析,结果显示,我国女子运动员在与海外兵团比赛时的比分优势弱于与国外好手的比赛,3名运动员的比分变化存在个体差异。说明海外兵团对我国运动员造成的心理压力较高,有必要加强针对性的个性化心理指导和训练。乒乓球比赛的开局和尾局是考察运动员心理自控能力的两个重要环节,研究四和五针对我国6名现役的顶级乒乓球运动员,以近4年的国际国内比赛500多场近2000局的真实比赛比分为资料,通过开局比分的概率分布特征、尾局不同比分的获胜率统计,探讨了这几名运动员在比赛的开局和尾局以及重要和非重要比赛中的心理状态。研究结果显示,在开局阶段,我国顶尖乒乓球运动员多数能够发挥良好,为最终赢得比赛建立开局优势,然而,比赛重要性会影响运动员的开局心态;在比赛尾局,比分接近、竞争激烈时,尤其是在重要比赛中,个别顶级运动员会因为心理状态不稳定而导致比赛失败。研究还发现,我国顶尖乒乓球运动员间存在明显的个体差异,在参加重要比赛时、在面对海外兵团运动员时、在开局阶段和尾局阶段,个别运动员由于心理压力过大而出现比赛失常的现象,说明个性化分析与指导的重要性,这为今后开展有针对性的运动员心理训练和指导提供依据。
[Abstract]:Although the high-level table tennis players already have relatively stable technical and tactical ability, due to the antagonism of the competition, the players' technical and tactical play is influenced by their psychological state and the performance of their opponents. In the table tennis match, the score change has the close relation with the athlete's psychological state fluctuation, the continuous score or the reverse defeat proves the athlete's psychological condition is good, the continuous loss of the score or the turn over the dish phenomenon means the athlete's bad psychological state. In addition, the score changes are also affected by the performance of the opponent, based on the score analysis of the psychological state of the players must integrate the scores of multiple games to eliminate the role of opponent factors. Therefore, it is an entry point to study the characteristics of high level athletes' psychological change by using the score change to probe into the psychological state of the athletes in the competition. This study attempts to use cubic spline function and interpolation method to analyze the score changes of multiple matches, and to infer the characteristics of athletes' psychological state changes in real competitions qualitatively and quantitatively by the intuitive score change curve. In order to explore the influence of competition importance on the psychological state of table tennis players in the competition, the second study took 4 main players in active service as the research object, carried on the curve fitting and the data analysis to their 163 matches score data in the recent three years. The results show that the importance of competition has different effects on the mental state of different athletes. Some athletes can bear higher psychological pressure and perform better in important competitions, but there are also some athletes who are not stable in important competitions and affect the performance of competitions. As top table tennis players in China face challenges from overseas corps in major international competitions, in order to investigate the influence of overseas corps on the psychological state of the top players in our country, the third study adopts the same method. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the score curves of the three top female table tennis players in our country when they confront the overseas corps and foreign players in international competitions. The results show that, The score advantage of Chinese female athletes is weaker than that of foreign players. There are individual differences in the score changes among the three female athletes. It is necessary to strengthen the individualized psychological guidance and training. The opening and ending of the table tennis competition are two important links to investigate the psychological self-control ability of the athletes. The fourth and fifth studies are aimed at the six top table tennis players in active service in our country. Taking the real scores of more than 2000 innings of more than 500 international and domestic competitions in the past four years as the data, through the probability distribution characteristics of the opening scores, the winning rates of the different scores in the end of the game are counted. The psychological state of these athletes in the opening and ending and important and non-important competitions was discussed. The results show that most of the top table tennis players in our country can play well at the beginning of the game and build up the opening advantage to win the competition. However, the importance of the competition will affect the opening mentality of the athletes; at the end of the game, the score is close. When competition is intense, especially in important competitions, individual top athletes lose because of psychological instability. The study also found that there are obvious individual differences among the top table tennis players in China. When they take part in important competitions, when they face overseas corps athletes, they are in the opening and final stages. The abnormal phenomenon of individual athletes due to excessive psychological pressure shows the importance of individualized analysis and guidance, which provides a basis for the development of targeted psychological training and guidance for athletes in the future.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G846

【参考文献】

中国期刊全文数据库 前10条

1 程宏宇;王进;胡桂英;;教练员领导行为与运动员竞赛焦虑:运动自信的中介效应和认知风格的调节效应[J];体育科学;2013年12期

2 杨华东;张玉杰;;不同性别乒乓球运动员注意能力的比较研究[J];吉林体育学院学报;2013年01期

3 张松林;张忠秋;;世界顶级男子跳水3m板运动员奥运会决赛面部表情特征研究[J];中国体育科技;2012年03期

4 谭嘉辉;赖勤;黄竹杭;;注意焦点对运动技能学习影响的元分析研究[J];北京体育大学学报;2012年04期

5 武晓敏;赵r，

本文编号：1943218