世界女子跳马技术的发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 01:30

本文选题：女子跳马 + 难度　；参考：《河南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：竞技体操中跳马最早可以追溯到公元400年的罗马帝国的骑士骑术训练,这是现代跳马运动项目的前身。女子跳马最初是以体育表演的形式出现的。本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、录像观察法、数理统计法和比较分析法等研究方法对历届奥运会以及世锦赛女子跳马单项决赛中选手的动作类型编排、难度选择和完成情况、比赛成绩相关数据进行对比分析,在分析中探索女子跳马规则的变化规律,同时对下一个奥运周期内女子跳马可能面临的发展问题进行预测。通过研究结果表明:女子跳马技术经历了手翻转体动作技术,空翻动作技术,空翻转体复合型动作技术三个发展阶段。技术创新将一直是不变的主题。难度的递增与获得高分这一对辩证因素将会成为发展女子跳马技术发展的主要影响。当今女子跳马的动作会继续快速向男子化发展。同时这也将会导致接下来相对一段时期内难度的均衡状态和技术完成情况的不太乐观局面。女子跳马规则的改变经历了:体操表演阶段、规定动作比赛阶段、规定组别比赛阶段、难度不封顶自选动作比赛阶段。世界女子跳马项目中动作选择类型趋向于集中化发展。踺子类动作技术仍是世界女子跳马运动的主流动作,目前根据女子跳马选手的自身条件而言,踺子类动作的技术发展空间不大。但是XZ原类(侧手翻类)动作和前手翻类动作具有不可估量的发展潜力。世界女子跳马项目动作难度大幅提高和动作创新的迫切需要。难度动作的级别持续递增对国际竞技体操中跳马项目向更难、更高、更新的方向发展起了极大的推动作用。由于比赛规则对女子跳马技术动作的要求更加严格,在2016奥运周期该项目中高难动作的创新会受到一定的影响,基本会维持在6.5的难度分上,而运动员重点发展的将是完善动作的完成度,做到少扣分从而获得高分。在下一奥运周期内,我国女子跳马应把握住规则变化带来的难度分相对稳定这一时机,把跳马单项放到优先发展的位置。熟练掌握和使用高难度的动作,提高对技术动作的要求,才有可能攀登世界竞技体操的技术高峰在跳马比赛中拿到优势。
[Abstract]:Horse vaulting in competitive gymnastics can be traced back to the knighthood training of the Roman Empire in 400 AD, which was the predecessor of the modern vault. Women's horse vaulting was originally in the form of a sports performance. In this paper, the methods of literature, expert interview, video observation, mathematical statistics and comparative analysis were used to arrange the movement types of the athletes in the Olympic Games and the women's vault in the world championships. The selection and completion of difficulty and the relative data of race results were compared and analyzed to explore the changing rules of women's horse vault and to predict the possible development problems of women's vault in the next Olympic cycle. The results show that the women's equine vaulting technique has experienced three stages of development: hand turning technique and somersault combined action technique. Technological innovation will always be the same theme. The dialectical factor of increasing difficulty and obtaining high score will be the main influence of the development of female horse vault technology. Women's horse vaulting will continue to develop quickly to men. This will also lead to a less optimistic balance of difficulty and technical completion over a period of time. The change of the rules of women's vault has gone through the following stages: gymnastic performance stage, specified movement competition stage, specified division competition stage, difficulty uncapped optional movement competition stage. The types of action selection in the world women's vault tend to be centralized. It is still the mainstream of the women's vault movement in the world. According to the condition of the women vault players, the technical development space of the round-off subcategory movement is not enough at present. However, the XZ primitive (lateral hand flip) and forward hand-over movements have inestimable potential for development. The difficulty of women's horse vault in the world is greatly improved and the urgent need for movement innovation. The continuous increase in the level of difficulty moves plays a great role in promoting the development of horse vaulting in international competitive gymnastics in the direction of more difficult, higher and newer. Because the rules of the competition require more stringent technical moves for women's vaulting, the innovation of the highly difficult movements in this event in the 2016 Olympic period will be affected to a certain extent, and will basically remain at the level of 6.5 difficulty points. The key development of athletes will be to improve the degree of completion of the movement, so that less points to get high points. In the next Olympic period, China's women's horse vault should grasp the relative stability of the difficulty score brought by the change of rules, and put the equine vaulting item in the position of priority development. It is possible to climb the technical peak of the world athletics gymnastics to gain the advantage in the horse vault only by mastering and using the high difficulty movement skillfully and raising the requirement of the technical movement.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G832.2

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