教育病理学视域下我国211高校公共体育选项课研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 20:12

本文选题：教育病理学 + 211高校体育课程　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着高校体育课程改革工作的不断推进,各高校开始坚持以“健康第一,终身体育,以人为本”为教学指导思想,并结合学校的实际情况,面向全体学生开设了多种体育课程,教学模式也伴随体育课程的改革不断完善。其中,“三自主”体育选项课开展最为广泛,多数高校已将其作为核心教学模式。因此,通过对公共体育选项课的研究,不仅能进一步完善现有的体育教学模式、加快课程改革,还对学生终身体育锻炼习惯的养成、运动能力的发展都具有一定的意义和作用。本文在梳理了前人关于教育病理学理论与实践成就的基础上,透过其对教育反向研究的独特视角,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计等方法,对我国211高校公共体育选项课开设情况:在教学实践中存在的病理性症状、致病因素、治理对策等进行了系统的分析,得出结论为:一、目前我国211高校公共体育选项课教学大纲是根据《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要》(教育部[2002])的要求,结合自身的实际情况自行制定的;在教学目标的实效上,学校领导、教师与学生在认识上存在一定的差别,且心理健康、社会适应两个教学目标实效不足;公共体育选项课课程类型多元化,多为“0+4型”,体育课程出现一种新的类型“1+3/7型”;高校为加大学生选择的空间,体育选项课开设项目不少于15门;高校对学生的学习评价多以教师评定为主;高校现有体育场馆,师资难以满足学生的需求,且体育场馆多为有偿开放;学生对选项课的开展比较满意,且选课的动机趋于多样化。二、建立在调查的基础上,从教育病理学的角度提出当前211高校公共体育选项课存在的病症:(一)在目标实现职能方面,存在选项课的实效不足,很多正在上或已上完体育选项课的学生不了解其教学目标,且认为社会适应、心理健康两个领域教学目标难以实现等教育浪费现象。(二)在自我维持职能方面,公共体育选项课教学内容、开设项目、教学方法、手段难以满足学生的需求;选项课课时数不够;选项班班额超负,教师工作繁重等教育冲突现象。(三)在对外关系方面,存在政府、社会、家庭对学校公共体育选项课的支持力度不够的教育滞后的现象。(四)在对内关系方面,存在体育经费、场馆设施投入不足;师资水平受限;教学评价体系不均衡;教育公平性缺乏等教育差别现象。三、经过对我国211高校公共体育选项课实施中的病理症状进行深入分析,认为产生这些病症的内部致病因素包括学生体育基础差,技术水平参差不齐;学生的学习动机不明确;教师现代教育观念滞后;教师科学文化知识水平低;学校领导对体育选项课的重视程度不够;体育选项课教学实践偏移等方面。外部致病因素包括家长对孩子的教育存在功利性,过度关系学生的文化成绩;社会整体上对学校体育教育不重视,相关政策文件执行力度不够等方面。四、针对出现的“疾病”,从三个不同层次提出了矫治方案:(一)免疫防护,建立内外部保障机制。有关高校体育的政策制度必需落实到实处;营造良好的校园体育运动氛围;加强中小学体育教育,为高校体育教育打好基础。(二)对症下药,优化体育教学过程。转变教育理念,明确教学目标;教学内容,方式要呈现多样化,广泛开设网络课堂;加强高校师资队伍建设。(三)辅助治疗,确保物资需求。政府、社会、家庭、学校领导要高度重视学校体育教学,扩大体育经费投入;同时学校体育部门也要通过多渠道筹集经费,缓解学校财政压力;有限的场馆设备资源利用率有待提高。
[Abstract]:With the continuous promotion of the reform of physical education curriculum in Colleges and universities, colleges and universities have begun to adhere to the guiding ideology of "health first, lifelong physical education and people-oriented". Combined with the actual situation of the school, various physical education courses are set up for all students, and the teaching mode is also accompanied by the continuous improvement of the reform of the physical education curriculum. Among them, the "three independent" body is made. The education options course is the most extensive, most colleges and universities have taken it as the core teaching mode. Therefore, through the study of the public sports optional course, it can not only further improve the existing sports teaching mode, accelerate the curriculum reform, but also have a certain significance and effect on the development of the students' lifelong physical exercise habits and the development of sports ability. On the basis of combing the predecessors' achievements on the theory and practice of Educational Pathology, through the unique perspective of educational reverse research, the author adopts the methods of literature, questionnaire and mathematical statistics to set up the public sports optional courses in 211 colleges and universities in China: the pathological symptoms, pathogenic factors and governance in the practice of teaching. A systematic analysis is carried out, and the conclusion is as follows: 1. At present, the teaching outline of public sports optional course in 211 colleges and universities in China is made according to the requirements of the teaching guidance program of the National Ordinary Higher School Physical Education Curriculum ([2002]) and its own actual conditions; in the actual effect of the teaching objectives, the school leaders, teachers and students are in the actual situation. There are certain differences in understanding, and psychological health, and social adaptation to the two teaching objectives of insufficient actual effect; the diversity of the curriculum of public sports courses, mostly "0+4", a new type of "1+3/7" in physical education curriculum, the space for the selection of college students for college students, the opening of sports options courses not less than 15; colleges and universities to students Most of the learning evaluation is based on teacher evaluation; the existing gymnasiums and stadiums in Colleges and universities are difficult to meet the needs of the students, and the stadium and gymnasiums are mostly paid open. The students are more satisfied with the optional course and the motivation of the course selection tends to diversify. Two, on the basis of the investigation, the public sports in 211 colleges and universities are put forward from the angle of education pathology. The symptoms of the optional course are: (1) the actual effect of the optional course is insufficient in the goal realization function, and many students who are on or already have finished the optional courses are not aware of their teaching objectives, and they think that the social adaptation and the two fields of psychological health are difficult to achieve and so on. (two) the public body in the function of self maintenance. It is difficult to meet the needs of the students in the teaching content of the optional course, the teaching method and the means, and the lack of time in the optional course; the overburden of the optional class class and the heavy work of the teachers. (three) there is a lack of educational lag for the government, the society and the family to support the public physical education options in the school. (four) in relation to internal relations, there are sports funds, inadequate investment in facilities and facilities, limited teacher level, unbalance of teaching evaluation system, lack of educational equity and other educational differences. Three, through in-depth analysis of the pathological symptoms in the implementation of public sports options in 211 colleges and universities in China, it is believed that the internal causes of these diseases are caused by the causes. It includes the poor physical foundation of the students, the uneven technical level, the unclear learning motivation of the students, the lag of the concept of modern education of the teachers, the low level of teachers' scientific and cultural knowledge, the lack of attention to the elective course of physical education by the leadership of the school, the deviation of the practice of physical education options and so on. The external pathogenic factors include the education of the parents of the children. In utilitarianism, the cultural achievement of the students is overly related; the whole society does not attach importance to the school physical education, and the implementation of the relevant policy documents is not enough. Four, in view of the emergence of "disease", the correction scheme is put forward from three different levels: (1) immunity protection and establishment of internal and external guarantee mechanism. The policy system of physical education in Colleges and universities is necessary. To implement the actual situation; to create a good atmosphere of campus sports and sports; to strengthen physical education in primary and secondary schools, to lay a good foundation for the physical education in Colleges and universities. (two) to improve the teaching process of physical education, optimize the teaching process of physical education, change the educational concept, clear the teaching objectives, the teaching content, the way to present a wide range of network classes, and strengthen the construction of the Faculty of colleges and universities. (three) Auxiliary treatment, to ensure material demand. Government, society, family, school leaders should attach great importance to school physical education, and expand the investment in sports funds; at the same time, the school sports departments should raise funds through multiple channels to relieve the financial pressure of the school; the rate of use of limited facilities and facilities needs to be improved.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G807.4

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