高水平男子游泳运动员50米蝶泳途中游技术与推进力研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 20:11

本文选题：途中游 + 游速　；参考：《西安体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:蝶泳途中游的运动学技术评价主要是对运动员划幅、划频、游速进行评价;途中游的动力学评价主要是对运动员途中游推进力的评价。对蝶泳途中游技术的研究目前只在划幅和划频层面,对运动员的推进力等动力学方面进行研究很少。本研究主要运用运动生物力学实验研究方法,对8名一级以上高水平男子游泳运动员在50米蝶泳途中游速度、划幅、划频及推进力进行测量,并对测量结果进行处理,对高水平男子游泳运动员在50米蝶泳途中的游速、水中推进力变化特征及它们的相关性进行分析,发现运动员在途中游中存在的问题,揭示途中游游速变化规律和影响游速的主要因素。为50米蝶泳技术训练和成绩提高提供科学参考。研究方法:以8名一级以上高水平男子游泳运动员为实验研究对象,运用陆上和水下高速摄像等手段,获取受试者影像及相关运动学参数;采用拉力传感器获取受试者途中游推进力。对测试数据结果进行处理,并运用数理统计学方法对测试数据结果进行相关分析。研究结果:在男子50米蝶泳途中游测试里得出以下结果:(1)划幅在整体上呈下降趋势,其中第二阶段(20米~30米)到第三阶段(30米~40米)阶段下降最为明显;(2)划频在整体上呈下降趋势,其中最后一阶段下降最为明显(P0.01);(3)由于划频、划幅的下降,游速总体来说呈下降趋势,成绩优秀的运动员游速变化起伏波动不大;(4)途中与测试相比推进力测试中运动员的单周期划手时间和划频没有显著性差异,实验数据可靠性很高;(5)推进力整体呈下降趋势,成绩优异的运动员推进力维持能力更强;(6)在蝶泳划手单周期动作中,外划抓水和内划阶段推进力随着时间的增加而增加,上划阶段的推进力达到最大值,空中移臂阶段几乎不产生推进力;(7)上划阶段的作用时间越长、推进力越大,运动员成绩越好;(8)在50米蝶泳中,划幅与游速的相关系数r为0.323,P值为0.0420.05,有显著性相关,划频与游速的相关系数r为0.861,P值为0.0060.01,具有非常显著性相关,推进力与游速的相关系数r为0.959,P值为0.0000.01,具有非常显著性相关,其中,划频与划幅呈负相关,相关系数r为-0.823,P值为0.0120.05,相关性显著,划频与推进力呈正相关,相关系数r为0.877,P值为0.0040.01,相关性非常显著。通过研究与分析得出以下结论:(1)途中游中的划频、划幅、游速整体呈下降趋势。提高50米蝶泳的运动水平应提高途中游的划频,增加划幅,并增强途中游划频的维持能力和划水效果。途中游游速的增大是运动员成绩提高的重要因素。在确保整个游进过程中游速平稳的同时也要提高爆发力以及延长冲刺距离。(2)途中游推进力整体呈下降趋势。提高和保持50米蝶泳途中游速应提高途中游的推进力和推进力的维持能力。(3)在蝶泳划手动作四个阶段中,外划抓水和内划阶段推进力较小,推进力最大的部分是上划阶段,空中移臂阶段几乎没有推进力。上划阶段的作用时间越长,推进力越大,划水效果就越好。要提高蝶泳的游速必须提高上划阶段的推进力、作用时间以,减少空中移臂时间,找到适合自己的划手动作节奏。(4)在50米蝶泳中,游速与推进力更加相关,游速的变化是由于推进力的变化引起的,推进力的大小直接影响到运动员肢体对水的作用效果。推进力对游速与划频起到了决定的作用。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the kinematic technique of the middle swim in butterfly, which is mainly to evaluate the stroke, frequency and speed, and the evaluation of the dynamics of the route is mainly to evaluate the propelling force of the athletes on the way. This study mainly uses the method of sports biomechanics experiment to measure the speed, stroke, stroke frequency and propelling force of 8 high level male swimmers in the 50 meter butterfly stroke, and to deal with the results of the measurement, the speed of the swimmers in the 50 meter butterfly and the propulsion in the water. The characteristics of the change and their correlation are analyzed, and the problems of the swimmers in the journey are found, the law of the speed change and the main factors affecting the speed are revealed. The scientific reference for the technical training and the improvement of the performance of the 50 meter butterfly is provided. Using high speed video camera on land and underwater to obtain the subjects' image and relative kinematic parameters, use the tension sensor to obtain the propelling force of the subjects on the way. The results of the test data are processed and the results of the test data are analyzed by mathematical statistics. The results are in the midway test of the men's 50 meter butterfly. The following results are drawn as follows: (1) the overall decline trend of the stroke on the whole, of which the second stage (20 m ~30 m) to the third stage (30 m ~40 m) stage decline is the most obvious; (2) the frequency of the overall decline in the overall trend, the last stage is the most obvious (P0.01); (3) due to the reduction of frequency, the decline in the speed of the overall speed of the overall decline trend. Excellent athletes have little fluctuation in speed variation; (4) there is no significant difference in the single cycle rowing time and stroke frequency of the athletes in the propulsion test compared with the test, and the reliability of the experimental data is very high; (5) the propelling force is in a downward trend, and the excellent sportsman's propelling ability is stronger; (6) the single cycle of the butterfly stroke hand In the process, the propelling force of water and internal stroke increases with the increase of time, the propulsive force of the upper stage reaches the maximum, and the air shifting stage almost does not produce propelling force; (7) the longer the action time is, the greater the propelling force, the better the athletes' performance; (8) the correlation coefficient of the stroke and speed in the 50 meter butterfly is 0.323, and the value of R is 0.323. For 0.0420.05, it has significant correlation, the correlation coefficient r of stroke frequency and speed is 0.861, P value is 0.0060.01, it has very significant correlation. The correlation coefficient of propulsion and speed is r 0.959, P value is 0.0000.01, which has a very significant correlation. Among them, the frequency and amplitude are negative, the correlation coefficient r is -0.823, P is 0.0120.05, the correlation is significant, significant correlation, correlation, significant, significant correlation, delimit There is a positive correlation between frequency and propelling force, the correlation coefficient r is 0.877, the P value is 0.0040.01, and the correlation is very significant. Through the study and analysis, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) the overall rate of stroke, stroke and speed in the journey is decreasing. The improvement of the level of the 50 meter butterfly should increase the stroke frequency, increase the stroke, and enhance the maintenance of the stroke frequency in the way. The increase of swimming speed is an important factor for the improvement of athletes' performance on the way. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the explosive force and extend the burr distance while ensuring the smooth speed of the travel. (2) the propulsion force in the journey is downward trend as a whole. The improvement and maintenance of the speed of the 50 meter butterfly should increase the propulsion and push of the journey. In the four stages of butterfly stroke movement (3), in the butterfly stroke movement, the propelling force is small, the most propelling part is the upper stroke stage, the air shifting stage is almost no propelling force. The longer the action time is, the greater the propelling force, the better the effect of the stroke. (4) in the 50 meter butterfly, the speed is more related to the propelling force, and the speed change is caused by the change of the propelling force. The size of the propulsion force directly affects the effect of the athlete's limb on the water. It was the role of the decision.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.1

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