我国优秀男子背越式跳高运动员助跑倒2步及起跳动作特征分析

发布时间：2018-06-21 22:02

本文选题：背越式跳高 + 助跑最后2步　；参考：《西安体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究考虑到技术的完整性,将跳高的助跑和起跳2个连续阶段的完整技术作为研究内容,分析各阶段相关指标,尝试探究助跑阶段和起跳阶段的关联性,对最终成绩有何影响,并通过与国内外优秀运动员数据进行比较分析,从中找出差距与不足,及时反馈给教练员,以便使训练有的放矢。主要采用的研究方法为测试法:选用两台日产CASIO-FH25高速摄像机对参加2016年6月中旬在重庆市进行的全国田径冠军赛暨大奖总决赛的两位运动员张国伟和王宇助跑的最后2步及起跳技术进行同步拍摄,并使用APAS三维运动学解析系统对两人最好成绩的那次试跳(2.24米)进行三维分析。研究结果为:张国伟和王宇最后两步平均速度为7.42m/s和6.68m/s,与世界顶尖运动员相比有所欠缺;张国伟最后一步步长为2.21m略长,王宇为2.01m较为合适;助跑倒2步张国伟起跳腿蹬伸比王宇更充分;摆动腿支撑阶段两人需改善曲膝和曲踝技术,且张国伟需减小膝关节蹬送幅度;张国伟和王宇起跳时踝关节蹬伸不充分,张国伟起跳时髋关节变化幅度较大为14.34°,不利于起跳;王宇摆臂合速度为10.57m/s小于张国伟12.39m/s;张国伟和王宇起跳开始前内倾角为72.49°和72.63°太小,不易于形成理想的垂直起跳效果。研究结论是:(1)背越式跳高助跑过程中的身体姿态与速度损失率关系密切,张国伟倒2步摆动腿膝关节蹬伸幅度过大导致最后一步步长略大,限制了摆动腿踝关节充分蹬伸,是不利于整体连贯性、限制运动员发挥速度能力的技术因素。(2)速度是现代背越式跳高的核心要素,张国伟和王宇这次比赛助跑倒2步的平均速度分别为7.42m/s和6.68m/s,与世界顶尖运动员接近8m/s的助跑速度有一定的差距。99(3)背越式跳高起跳过程中起跳腿各关节角度的变化和摆动技术的好坏会对最终的起跳效果产生很大的影响。张国伟和王宇起跳腿踝关节缓冲幅度过大,分别为17.21°和18°,而且起跳腿蹬伸不充分。张国伟在起跳过程中髋关节变化幅度过大为14.34°,会破坏起跳用力条件。(4)在起跳过程摆动技术中张国伟和王宇摆动腿折叠较好,有利于提高摆动效果,但是王宇的摆臂速度较慢,缺少双臂积极,快速摆动意识,这都会对垂直速度的获得造成不利影响。
[Abstract]:Considering the integrity of technology, this study takes the complete technique of run-up and take-off of high jump as the research content, analyzes the related indexes of each stage, and tries to explore the correlation between run-up and take-off. Through the comparison and analysis with the domestic and foreign outstanding athletes' data, we can find out the gap and deficiency, and give feedback to the coaches in time, so that the training can be targeted. The main research method is test method: two Nissan CASIO-FH25 high-speed cameras were used to test the run-up of two athletes, Zhang Guowei and Wang Yu, who participated in the National track and Field Championship and the final of the Grand Prix in Chongqing in the middle of June 2016. The last two steps and the take-off technique are taken synchronously, The 3D kinematics analysis system of APAS was used to analyze the best test jump (2.24 meters). The results are as follows: the average speed of the last two steps of Zhang Guowei and Wang Yu is 7.42m/s and 6.68 m / s, which is less than that of the top athletes in the world, the last step of Zhang Guowei is 2.21 m long, the Wang Yu is 2.01m; In the run-up, Zhang Guowei take-off leg is more adequate than Wang Yu; in swing leg support stage, two people need to improve knee bending and ankle bending techniques, and Zhang Guowei need to reduce the range of knee kick, Zhang Guowei and Wang Yu take off the ankle joint is not sufficient, The amplitude of hip joint variation was 14.34 掳during Zhang Guowei take-off, which was not conducive to take-off, the 10.57m/s of Wang Yu pendulum arm was less than that of Zhang Guowei 12.39 m / s, and the internal inclination angles of Zhang Guowei and Wang Yu were 72.49 掳and 72.63 掳, so it was not easy to form an ideal vertical take-off effect. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the body posture is closely related to the rate of speed loss during the run-up of the back jump, and the excessive range of knee joint extension of Zhang Guowei's backward two steps leads to a slightly larger last step, which limits the full pedaling and extension of the wobble ankle joint. It is a technical factor that limits the athletes' speed ability. (2) Speed is the core element of modern back jump. The average run-up speed of Zhang Guowei and Wang Yu is 7.42m/s and 6.68mr / s, respectively. There is a certain difference between Zhang Guowei and the world's top athletes in approaching 8m/s 's run-up speed. 99 (3) the angle of each joint of the take-off leg during the take-off of the backcross high jump is different from that of the world's top athletes. And the swing technology will have a great impact on the ultimate take-off effect. The buffering amplitude of ankle joint of Zhang Guowei and Wang Yu take-off legs is too large, which is 17.21 掳and 18 掳respectively, and the kick extension of take-off leg is not sufficient. The range of hip joint variation of Zhang Guowei during take-off is 14.34 掳, which will destroy the condition of take-off force. (4) Zhang Guowei and Wang Yu swing legs fold well in the process of take-off, which is helpful to improve the swinging effect, but the swinging arm speed of Wang Yu is slow. The lack of active, fast swinging awareness of both arms can adversely affect the acquisition of vertical velocity.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G823.1

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