PNF典型情境教学对于大学生柔韧素质影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 05:25

本文选题：PNF + 情境教学法　；参考：《广州体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：PNF法作为一种具有明显优势的柔韧素质拉伸法,已经得到了大量专家在理论以及实验上的证明。但PNF拉伸法同时也存在一定的问题,其中对于拉伸对象心理上的问题较为容易被忽视,而造成一定的心理畏惧。因此,除了需要完善拉伸过程中的技术性教学还需要更着重原理性教学,在教学思想上做出转变,教学意识的突破。然而情境教学很好的解决了这一系列问题。在体育教学中,情境教学有利于学生对技能学习意义的构建,使得知识和技能之间形成由学生情感体验带来的连接。在体育课堂上利用设置情境,进入情境,体验情境,再现情境的过程让学生从心理上获得“成功”的体验,最终达到教学目的。因此,本文旨在通过PNF与情境教学法相结合,利用情境教学法的启发诱导和创设情境的方式,以此更加有效地提高大学生的身体柔韧素质。本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法、问卷调查法和数理统计法对实验班学生进行为期8周的实验,对比有无PNF典型情境创设的差异,测定实验前后柔韧素质指标的变化。同时,在实验后进行专家评价,以及学生的问卷反馈得知教学训练后的感受和效果,最后分析数据。主要结论如下:4.1.1 PNF典型情境教学是指在客观的PNF拉伸技术练习环境基础上,通过创设虚实情境,以此来达到提高学生学习的自主性和自觉性,降低运动损伤,提升拉伸练习时的练习效果。并将这种创设教学情境的方式作为一种手段,促进大学生柔韧素质提升的一种教学方法。4.1.2 PNF典型情境教学设计的要求是以现有的教学环境为基础,虚实结合营造情境;创设和谐的人际情境,突出情感要素;动作和思维同步进行,从感性上升到理性。情境创设的策略是以多媒体再现情境,以音乐渲染情境,以语言描绘情境。设计的主要原则是科学性原则、创造性原则、目标性原则和差异性原则。4.1.3经过8周的实验结果显示,PNF典型情境教学对提高柔韧素质更有效(P0.01)。其具体表现为肩关节的旋肩指数、纵叉左右侧和横叉数值减小;坐位体前屈数值增大,即肩关节活动度增大、髋关节的屈伸活动范围增大。4.1.4本实验中采用的“清晨翠谷”、“寂静星空”和“风吹海浪”三种情境,在实验过程中,从学生对自身身体放松程度和对新方法的新颖性评价可知,PNF典型情境教学有效得激发了学生的自觉性和主动性,提高了学生的参与程度和自主学习程度,降低了学生消极情绪和运动损伤出现的频率。
[Abstract]:PNF method has been proved by a lot of experts in theory and experiment as a kind of flexible quality stretching method with obvious advantages. However, the PNF stretching method also has some problems, among which the psychological problems of stretching objects are easy to be ignored, resulting in certain psychological fear. Therefore, in addition to the need to perfect the technical teaching in the stretching process, we also need to pay more attention to the principle teaching, to make a change in the teaching thought and to break through the teaching consciousness. However, situational teaching has solved this series of problems well. In physical education, situational teaching is conducive to the construction of students' learning significance of skills, which makes the connection between knowledge and skills formed by students' emotional experience. The process of setting up situation, entering situation, experiencing situation and reproducing situation in physical education classroom enables students to obtain "successful" experience psychologically, and finally achieve the purpose of teaching. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to combine PNF with situational teaching method, and to use situational teaching method to enlighten and create situation, so as to improve college students' physical flexibility more effectively. This paper uses literature, expert interview, experiment, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics to carry out the experiment on the students of the experimental class for 8 weeks, and compares whether there are differences in the creation of typical PNF situations. The change of flexibility index before and after experiment was measured. At the same time, after the experiment, the expert evaluation and the feedback of the students' questionnaire were carried out to know the feeling and effect of the teaching and training. Finally, the data were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: the typical situational teaching of PNF 4.1.1 refers to the creation of virtual and actual situations on the basis of objective PNF stretching practice environment, so as to improve students' autonomy and consciousness in learning and reduce sports injury. Improve the effect of stretching exercises. And this way of creating teaching situation as a means to promote the flexibility of college students to improve the quality of a teaching method .4.1.2 PNF typical situation teaching design requirements are based on the existing teaching environment, the combination of reality to create a situation; Create harmonious interpersonal situation, highlight emotional elements, and act and thinking synchronously, from sensibility to rationality. The strategy of situational creation is to reproduce the situation by multimedia, to render the situation by music, and to depict the situation by language. The main principles of design are scientific principle, creative principle, goal principle and difference principle .4.1.3 after 8 weeks' experiment, the results show that the typical situation teaching of PNF is more effective in improving flexibility (P0.01). The index of rotatory shoulder of shoulder joint, the value of left and right side of longitudinal fork and the value of cross fork decreased, and the flexural value of sitting position increased, that is, the range of flexion and extension of hip joint was increased, and the range of flexion and extension of hip joint was increased in this experiment. "Silent Star" and "Wind and Wave" are three kinds of situations. In the course of the experiment, from the evaluation of students' relaxation degree of their own body and novelty of the new method, it can be seen that the teaching of typical situation of PNF can effectively stimulate the students' consciousness and initiative. The degree of students' participation and autonomous learning is improved, and the frequency of students' negative emotion and sports injury is reduced.
【学位授予单位】：广州体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G807.4

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