女子壁球运动员不同训练周期若干血液、唾液指标的监测研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 15:48

本文选题：运动训练 + 肌酸激酶　；参考：《上海体育学院》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:基于周期训练理论,结合运动生理学指标,监测上海体育学院壁球队12名女子壁球运动员在恢复期、准备期和比赛期间若干血液指标、唾液指标,分析壁球运动员的机能状态。方法:测试运动员在不同训练周期中的若干血液指标,包括血红蛋白(RBC)、红细胞压积(Hct)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素氮(BUN);测定的若干唾液指标,包括α-淀粉酶(sAA)、唾液皮质醇(C)、唾液α-淀粉酶/皮质醇比值(AOC)。实验期间血液指标在清晨空腹、未做任何运动情况下选取,唾液指标每天取样5次,并在运动后运用心理学问卷RESTQ对运动员的应激-恢复状况进行调查。研究结果:1、随着运动负荷的升高,女子壁球运动员在准备期、比赛期的血清肌酸激酶水平较恢复期相比,显著升高(P0.05)。2、女子运动员在准备期、比赛期的α-淀粉酶觉醒反应和分泌量较恢复期清晨显著升高(P0.01)。3、皮质醇水平的昼夜变化规律揭示,女子运动员在准备期、比赛期唾液皮质醇分泌量较恢复期显著下降(P0.01),皮质醇觉醒反应变缓。4、女子壁球运动员在准备期、比赛期的AOC较恢复期升高,且与α-淀粉酶、皮质醇浓度、运动专项恢复分值呈负相关。研究结论:(1)随着训练负荷的增加,会诱导女子壁球运动员两大应激系统地不对称活动,即HPA系统钝化反应伴和SAM系统的过度反应,运动员的心理变化以及机能状态下降都与两大应激系统的不对称活动相关,这种不对称活动在准备期、比赛期更加明显。(2)在血液指标的监测过程中,女子壁球运动员在准备期、比赛期的肌酸激酶水平较恢复期显著升高,而血尿素氮水平未见显著差异性,提示在监测女子壁球运动员不同训练周期运动负荷时,应该以血清肌酸激酶指标为主,辅以其它血液参数综合判断运动状态。(3)在唾液指标的监测过程中,运动员在准备期和比赛期的皮质醇觉醒反应(CAR)、总体皮质醇水平/总体α-淀粉酶水平比值(AOC)较恢复期发生显著变化,提示在准备期和比赛期监测运动员对训练负荷的适应情况时,可以将皮质醇觉醒反应和总体皮质醇水平/总体α-淀粉酶水平比值作为主要考量指标之一。建议:在监控运动员训练负荷时,不仅要根据周期训练的安排多人次多次的生理指标的测试,还应对个别运动员进行机能数据监测、分析、评价,结合训练后的恢复手段,一方面保证运动员竞技状态的提升,更为运动员的健康提供保障,防止运动损伤。
[Abstract]:Objective: Based on the theory of periodic training and combined with the indexes of sports physiology, a number of blood indexes and saliva indexes during the period of recovery, preparation and competition during the period of preparation and competition of 12 women squash sportsmen of the Shanghai Institute of Physical Education squash team were monitored. Hemoglobin (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), creatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN); several saliva indicators, including alpha amylase (sAA), saliva cortisol (C), saliva alpha amylase / cortisol ratio (AOC). During the experimental period, the blood indexes were selected in the early morning, without any exercise, and the saliva index was sampled 5 times a day and was transported. The results were as follows: 1, with the increase of exercise load, the serum creatine kinase level of women squash athletes increased significantly (P0.05).2 compared with the recovery period in the preparation period and the competition period, and the female athletes were in the preparation period and the awakening reaction of the alpha amylase during the competition period. In the early morning, the secretion of cortisol was significantly increased (P0.01).3, and the diurnal variation of cortisol levels revealed that the salivary cortisol secretion of women athletes decreased significantly (P0.01) during the preparatory period (P0.01), the cortisol awakening reaction slowed to.4, the female squash sportsmen were in the preparation period, and the AOC in the competition period was higher than that of the alpha lake. The study concluded that (1) with the increase of training load, the unsymmetrical activity of the two stress systems of women squash players, that is, the overreaction of HPA system passivation reaction and SAM system, the psychological change of athletes and the decline of the functional state, and the two stress systems. The asymmetric activity is related, this asymmetry activity is more obvious in the preparation period. (2) during the monitoring of blood indexes, the level of creatine kinase in the women squash athletes in the preparation period and the competition period is significantly higher than that in the recovery period, but the blood urea nitrogen level has no significant difference, suggesting that the different training of women squash players is monitored. During the periodic exercise load, the serum creatine kinase index should be used as the main index, supplemented by other blood parameters. (3) during the monitoring of the saliva index, the cortisol awakening reaction (CAR), the total cortisol level / total alpha amylase level ratio (AOC) in the preparation and competition period, the total cortisol level and the total alpha amylase level ratio (AOC) have significant changes in the recovery period. It is suggested that the ratio of cortisol awakening reaction, total cortisol level / total alpha amylase level can be one of the main indexes in monitoring athletes' adaptation to training load during the preparation and competition period. The standard test should also carry out functional data monitoring, analysis and evaluation of individual athletes, combined with the methods of recovery after training, on the one hand, to ensure the improvement of athletes' competitive state, and to provide support for the health of athletes and prevent sports injury.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G849.9;G804.49

【相似文献】