世界优秀女子青少年竞走运动员技术模式的构建研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 08:35

本文选题：女子青少年 + 竞走　；参考：《首都体育学院》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：竞走是中国田径运动中的传统优势项目,女子竞走运动员更是多次在世界大赛中取得骄人战绩。就规则而言,评价竞走技术的客观标准是存在的。本文研究采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、运动学解析法和数理统计法,以2014南京青奥会女子5公里和2014太仓竞走世界杯女子10公里竞走比赛前3名,共计6名运动员的竞走技术为研究对象,初步设计出不同速度区间下世界优秀女子青少年竞走运动员的的技术模式,指导我国青少年竞走训练,加强我国女子竞走项目的可持续发展。研究结果如下:1.世界优秀女子青少年竞走运动员大臂后摆角相对稳定,随速度提高而增大,在低速、中速、高速区间下分别控制在:78±3°,80±6°,83±3°。肘关节角摆动不稳定,左右偏差较大,尚存改进空间。2.世界优秀女子青少年竞走运动员膝关节角在着地、垂直瞬间受速度变化影响不大基本处于伸直状态,角度控制在:176-180°之间。离地瞬间膝关节角随速度提高而增大,在低速、中速、高速区间下分别控制在:161±3°,162±1°,163±2°。3.世界优秀女子青少年竞走运动员踝关节角在着地瞬间随速度的提高而减小,在低速、中速、高速区间下分别控制在:112±3°,111±4°,110±2°;离地瞬间踝关节角随速度的提高而增大,在低速、中速、高速区间下分别控制在:134±4°,135±3°,137±4°。4.世界优秀女子青少年竞走运动员两大腿夹角随速度提高而增大,在低速、中速、高速区间下分别控制在:49±2°,50±2°,52±2°。5.世界优秀女子青少年竞走运动员步长、步频随速度提高而增大。步长在低速、中速、高速区间下分别控制在:1.053±0.039m,1.089±0.025m,1.146±0.037m;步频在低速、中速、高速区间下分别控制在:203±8步/min,205±5步/min,207±5步/min。6.世界优秀女子青少年竞走运动员腾空时间处在合理或模糊时限范围,在低速、中速、高速区间下分别控制在:0.037±0.009s,0.042±0.008s,0.050±0.006s;重心起伏距离随速度提高而增大,在低速、中速、高速区间下分别控制在:8.273±0.597cm,8.327±0.526cm,8.425±0.265cm.7.世界优秀女子青少年竞走运动员踝关节前摆速度大于后摆速度,膝关节后摆速度大于前摆速度,这符合竞走技术特点和生物力学原理。踝、膝关节摆动速度随竞走速度提高而增大。
[Abstract]:Walking is a traditional advantage in Chinese track and field sports, and women walkers have made remarkable achievements in the world competitions many times. As far as rules are concerned, there is an objective standard to evaluate the technology of race walking. In this paper, the author adopts the methods of literature, expert interview, kinematics analysis and mathematical statistics to study the top 3 of the women's 10km race in 2014 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games and 2014 Taicang World Cup. A total of 6 athletes' walking techniques are studied, and the technical model of the world's outstanding young women race walkers in different speed ranges is preliminarily designed to guide the training of young people's walking in our country. Strengthen the sustainable development of the women's walking project in our country. The results are as follows: 1. The swing angle at the rear of the arm of the world's elite young women race walkers is relatively stable and increases with the increase of speed. It is controlled in the low speed, middle speed and high speed ranges in the range of: 78 卤3 掳80 卤6 掳/ 83 卤3 掳respectively. Elbow angle swing instability, left and right big deviation, there is room for improvement. 2. The knee joint angle of the world's outstanding young women race walkers is on the ground, and the vertical instant is not affected by the speed change basically in the straightening state, and the angle is controlled in the range of: 176-180 掳. The angle of knee joint increased with the increase of velocity, and was controlled at 1: 161 卤3 掳, 162 卤1 掳, 163 卤2 掳. 3 at low speed, middle speed and high speed respectively. The ankle angle of the world's elite young women race walkers decreases with the increase of the speed, and is controlled at the low speed, the middle speed and the high speed at the range of: 112 卤3 掳111 卤4 掳110 卤2 掳respectively, while the ankle angle increases with the increase of the speed, at the low speed and the middle speed at the moment of leaving the ground. In the high speed range, it was controlled at 1: 134 卤4 掳, 135 卤3 掳, 137 卤4 掳. 4, respectively. The angle between the two thighs of the world's elite female juvenile race walkers increases with the increase of speed, and is controlled in the low speed, middle speed and high speed ranges at the range of: 49 卤2 掳50 卤2 掳50 卤2 掳52 卤2 掳.5 respectively. The step length of the world's outstanding young women race walkers increases with the increase of speed. The step length was controlled in the range of low speed, middle speed and high speed at 1: 1.053 卤0.039 mU 1.089 卤0.025 mU 1.146 卤0.037 m.The step frequency was controlled at the low speed, middle speed and high speed ranges respectively at: 203 卤8 step / min 205 卤5 step / min 207 卤5 step / min .6. The vacationing time of the world's elite young women race walkers is within a reasonable or fuzzy time limit, which is controlled in the low speed, middle speed and high speed ranges respectively at 0. 037 卤0. 009s / 0. 042 卤0. 008s0. 050 卤0. 006s; the center of gravity undulating distance increases with the increase of speed, and increases at low and medium speeds. In the high speed range, it is controlled at: 8.273 卤0.597 cm-1 8.327 卤0.526 cm-1 8.425 卤0.265 cm.7respectively. The speed of front swing of ankle joint is greater than that of rear pendulum of world elite women walking athletes, and the speed of rear pendulum of knee joint is faster than that of front swing, which accords with the technical characteristics and biomechanical principle of walking. Ankle and knee joint swinging speed increases with the increase of walking speed.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G821

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