上海市中心城区老年人体育锻炼行为的空间特征研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 02:50

本文选题：老年人 + 体育锻炼行为　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人口老龄化是人类社会自身生产和再生产过程中必定会出现的社会现象,也是当前必须面对的共同问题。城市老年人日益增长的体育锻炼需求与公共体育空间供给之间的矛盾日渐凸显,其面临的问题主要有:一是物质方面,在老年人基本衣食需求得到满足情况下,却面临老年人进行体育锻炼与公共体育空间不满足的问题;二是精神方面,老年人身体功能下降,出现精神空缺,但他们渴望通过体育锻炼增强身体健康并充实生活,实现自我价值。基于以上两方面,对老年人体育锻炼空间进行研究具有十分重要的意义。本研究采用文献资料法、ArcGIS空间分析法、实地调查法、问卷调查法、数理统计法以及案例分析法等研究方法,从地理学、体育学、心理学和社会学等学科理论交叉融合的综合视角出发,以上海市中心城区为调查区域,主要包括长宁区、黄浦区、虹口区、静安区、普陀区、徐汇区、杨浦区、闸北区等八个区县,对上海市中心城区老年人体育锻炼行为的空间特征进行定量与定性分析,借助图示的方式对上海市中心城区老年人体育锻炼空间结构、现状及空间特征等进行可视化表达,用以辅助决策,以期为上海市中心城区老年人体育空间规划部门提供参考。本文得出了以下主要研究结论:(1)上海市中心城区老年人口数量快速增长,人口密度上升加快,同时,中心城区的居住区级和居住小区级的公共体育空间新增速度快,主要表现形态为健身苑、点数量增加;(2)上海市中心城区老年人的体育健身场地不论是在数量还是面积上,均有显著提升,不断完善老年人的公共体育设施建设和管理,基本满足了老年人体育健身和休闲需求,基本实现了社区公共运动场全覆盖;上海市中心城区体育空间呈现出层次性、渐变性和开放性的特征;(3)老年人倾向于选择公园、绿地进行体育锻炼,路程距离以一千米范围内为主,锻炼时间段主要是上午和下午,锻炼频度多数在每周七次及以上,每次持续时间一小时左右;(4)老年人体育锻炼活动空间呈圈层模式,即"家—居住小区—社区/街道—区域",而且,老年人的体育锻炼行为空间具有较高的收敛性和集中性,体育锻炼空间相对较小,呈现出三圈层带体育锻炼空间结构;(5)上海市中心城区老年人居住空间和公园绿地体育空间分布均有方向性,即东北-西南方向;(6)以静安雕塑公园为例,公园体育生态系统由主体(老年人)、老年人体育锻炼需要和公园环境三者构成,并能够持续、稳态、平衡地发展。
[Abstract]:Population aging is a social phenomenon which must appear in the process of human society's own production and reproduction, and it is also a common problem that must be faced at present. The contradiction between the increasing demand for physical exercise and the supply of public sports space for the elderly in cities is becoming increasingly prominent. The main problems they face are: first, in the material aspect, when the basic food and clothing needs of the elderly are satisfied, But they are faced with the problem of physical exercise and public sports space discontentment for the elderly. Secondly, mentally, the elderly people have a mental gap, but they are eager to improve their health and enrich their lives through physical exercise. Realize self-worth. Based on the above two aspects, it is of great significance to study the physical exercise space of the elderly. This study adopts the methods of ArcGIS spatial analysis, field investigation, questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics and case analysis. Starting from the comprehensive perspective of the intersection of psychology and sociology and other disciplines and theories, taking the downtown area of Shanghai as the investigation area, mainly including Changning District, Huangpu District, Hongkou District, Jing'an District, Putuo District, Xuhui District, Yangpu District, Zhabei District and other eight districts and counties have carried out quantitative and qualitative analysis on the spatial characteristics of physical exercise behavior of the elderly in downtown Shanghai, and analyzed the spatial structure of physical exercise for the elderly in downtown Shanghai by means of the graphic method. The present situation and spatial features were visualized to assist in decision making, so as to provide reference for the department of sports space planning for the elderly in the downtown area of Shanghai. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the number of elderly population in downtown Shanghai is increasing rapidly, and the population density is increasing rapidly. At the same time, the public sports space of residential area and residential district in central urban area is increasing rapidly. The main form of performance is fitness courts, the number of points increased; (2) the elderly in the downtown area of Shanghai sports fitness sites, regardless of the number or area, have significantly improved, constantly improve the elderly public sports facilities construction and management, It basically meets the sports fitness and leisure needs of the elderly, and basically realizes the full coverage of the community public sports ground; the sports space in downtown Shanghai shows the characteristics of hierarchy, gradual change and openness; (3) the elderly tend to choose parks. Green space for physical exercise, mainly within a distance of 1,000 meters, exercise time periods mainly in the morning and afternoon, most of the exercise frequency is seven times a week and more. (4) the physical exercise activity space of the elderly was in the pattern of "home-residential district-community / street-area", and the physical exercise behavior space of the elderly had higher convergence and concentration. The space for physical exercise is relatively small, showing a three-layer structure of physical exercise; (5) the distribution of the living space of the elderly and the green space of the park in downtown Shanghai has a directionality, that is, from the northeast to the southwest; (6) take Jing'an Sculpture Park as an example. The park sports ecosystem consists of the main body (the elderly), the physical exercise needs of the elderly and the park environment, and can develop continuously, steadily and in a balanced manner.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G812.48

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