备战里约残奥会的中国乒乓球队员身体机能的监控与对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 13:21

本文选题：残疾人 + 乒乓球　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以里约残奥会中国乒乓球队女子站立组队员(7人)为研究对象,采用文献资料法、实验法、专家访谈法、数理统计法,对备战里约残奥会的中国残疾人乒乓球站立组队员身体机能进行监控与对策研究,旨在利用多个身体机能指标的分析可以比较客观地诊断其身体疲劳的程度及身体机能的恢复情况,经过实验及数据分析,制定符合残疾人特点、乒乓球运动项目特征的科学的训练方法,以期为今后残疾人训练及比赛提供更合理的训练方法,使运动员达到最佳身体状态,提高训练效果和比赛成绩。结果显示:(1)在整个备战过程中,运动员的血清睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血尿素(BU)等指标的变化都在正常的范围内,表明教练安排的训练内容和方法符合运动员机体的基本要求。(2)中国残疾人乒乓球站立组女运动员的身体机能监控训练取得了明显的成效,此次监控所选用的五个指标,既反映了运动员物质能量代谢系统的机能状况,又显示了运动员对运动量、运动强度的适应情况,及时反映了队员在备战期间身体机能变化情况,保证了队员的训练任务顺利完成,而且队员的身体机能状态始终保持着平稳的状态下,无过度训练、过度疲劳、恢复困难等情况的出现,为参加里约残奥会打好了扎实的基础。(3)通过有计划的对中国残疾人乒乓球站立组女运动员进行赛前训练负荷与机能监控,把每个测试指标数据及时反馈给教练员,为了能够更加深入地反映运动负荷、运动强度对运动员身体机能状态的影响,而且按照测试数据及时调整训练计划和运动负荷,使训练越发科学化、合理化,能够有效地提高运动员比赛成绩。(4)相同级别的TT9级运动员熊桂艳、柳萌、雷丽娜除了肌酸激酶外的四个指标都存在显著性的差异,相对而言,柳萌和雷丽娜的身体机能状况较好;不同级别的TT7级运动员王睿和TT10级杨倩各指标出现了上下波动,但经过教练及自身的调整,都恢复到了较好的状态,没有出现过度疲劳的现象,整个备战阶段身体机能状况都维持在一个较好的状态。(5)茅经典在整个备战阶段身体机能状况稳定,没有出现较大的波动,始终处在较好的状态。针对这次的训练监控,给运动员提出了一些合理的建议:(1)站立组女队的运动量、运动负荷、运动强度等安排的比较合理,运动员身体机能状态较好,在训练期间要更加注意营养的补充,可以使运动员的身体机能维持在良好的状态。(2)对站立组女队员的身体机能的部分指标进行监测时,要注意对队员不同的训练阶段身体机能指标监测数据进行分析与评定。主要是由于训练期间拥有阶段性与自身不同的目的任务性,所以每个阶段训练安排的内容与方式方法特别是负荷要有差别,只能在不同阶段对对应的身体机能指标进行重点监控,才可以取得更好的效果与作用。(3)尽管在备战期间使用了部分身体机能指标来监控训练过程,帮助确定运动强度、点评训练效果提供了关键的理论基础,不过更应提倡努力地用运动生理学、运动生物化学、运动医学与心理学等方面知识并结合教练员的经验与观察,还要根据队员自我评定,只能如此才可以获得更加客观、准确、全面、有效的评价结果。(4)各个生理生化指标有较大的个体差异,不能单纯的采用某一项身体机能指标来进行分析与评价,需要结合多个指标的变化特点来进行综合的评定。因此,在训练实践中,不光要积极利用多种检测指标进行全面评价队员身体机能状态,而且还需要建立关于每个队员的数据档案,针对不同运动员长时间、不同阶段的测量值进行纵向的分析比较,可以更好地评价和反映运动员的身体机能状态,有效的提高科学化训练水平,为以后的训练监控提供丰富理论依据。
[Abstract]:This paper, taking the women's standing group (7 people) of the Chinese table tennis team in the Rio Paralympic Games as the research object, uses the literature method, the experiment method, the expert interview method and the mathematical statistics method to study the physical function of the Chinese disabled table tennis stand team members who are preparing for the Rio Paralympic Games, aiming at the use of multiple body function indexes. Analysis of the degree of physical fatigue and the recovery of physical function can be compared objectively. Through experiments and data analysis, a scientific training method is formulated to meet the characteristics of the disabled and table tennis, in order to provide more reasonable training methods for the training and competition of the disabled in the future in order to achieve the best physical state of the athletes. The results showed that: (1) during the whole preparation, the changes of serum testosterone (T), cortisol (C), creatine kinase (CK), hemoglobin (Hb), blood urea (BU) and other indexes were in the normal range, indicating that the training contents and methods arranged by the coach were in accordance with the basic requirements of the athletes' body. (2) disability in China. The physical function monitoring and training of the female table tennis standing group women athletes have achieved remarkable results. The five indexes selected in this monitoring system not only reflect the functional status of the physical and energy metabolic system of the athletes, but also show the adaptability of the athletes to the movement and the intensity of movement, and reflect the change of the body function during the preparation of the players during the preparation of the war. To ensure the smooth completion of the training tasks of the players, and the body function state of the players has always maintained a stable state, without excessive training, excessive fatigue, the recovery of difficulties and other conditions, to participate in the Rio Paralympic Games to play a solid foundation. (3) through the planned table tennis table tennis players for Chinese disabled women athletes The training load and function monitoring before the game are carried out, and each test index data is fed back to the coach in time. In order to reflect the movement load and the physical function state of the athletes more deeply, and adjust the training plan and the exercise load in time according to the test data, so that the training is more scientific, reasonable and capable. (4) there are significant differences between the four indexes of Xiong Guiyan, Liu Meng and Relina except creatine kinase in the same level of TT9, Liu Meng and Relina, and the physical function of Liu Meng and Relina is better, and the indexes of Wang Rui and TT10 Yang Qian at different levels have fluctuated up and down, But after the coach and self adjustment, all recovered to a better state, there was no excessive fatigue, and the whole physical function state of the whole preparation period remained in a better state. (5) the body function condition was stable during the whole period of preparation, and there was no larger fluctuation and was always in a better state. Training and monitoring, the athletes put forward some reasonable suggestions: (1) standing group women's sports volume, exercise load, sports intensity and other arrangements are more reasonable, the physical function of the athletes better state, during the training should pay more attention to the nutritional supplement, can make the physical function of the athletes in good state. (2) on the Standing Group female players When monitoring part of the body function, we should pay attention to the analysis and evaluation of the monitoring data of the body function index in different training stages of the players. It is mainly due to the different purpose of the training during the training period, so the internal capacity and methods of the training arrangements in each stage are different, especially the load. Better results and functions can be achieved by monitoring the corresponding physical function indexes at different stages. (3) although some body function indexes are used to monitor the training process during the preparation of the war, to help determine the strength of the movement and to evaluate the effect of the training, the key theoretical basis is provided, but it is more important to advocate the effort to use the sports students. The knowledge of science, sports biochemistry, sports medicine and psychology, combined with the experience and observation of the coaches, and according to the self evaluation of the players, can only get more objective, accurate, comprehensive and effective evaluation results. (4) there are large individual differences in various physiological and biochemical indexes, and can not simply adopt a certain body. Therefore, in training practice, it is not only necessary to actively use a variety of detection indicators to comprehensively evaluate the body function state of the players, but also to establish a data file about each team member for a long time, not for different athletes. The longitudinal analysis and comparison of the measured values at the same stage can better evaluate and reflect the physical function state of the athletes, effectively improve the scientific training level, and provide a rich theoretical basis for the future training and monitoring.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G846

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