八十年代美国健身文化与现代身体观的形成

发布时间：2018-06-27 18:16

本文选题：美国 + 健身文化　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文通过对八十年代美国兴起的健身文化及其体现出的身体观进行研究,讨论导致这一独特身体观形成的社会文化因素及其背后的社会运作机制。本文首先对当代美国健美身体形象标准的讨论进行了归纳与汇总,并研究这一身体形象标准在美国社会生活中的体现。第二章着重探究“健美”形象标准形成的社会文化背景。虽然西方社会从古希腊时期已开始了对健美身材的赞美,但独特的美国文化也为健美的身体形象孕育出了独特的文化意涵。这一理想身体形象实际上否定的是从美国文化历史中发展出的“肥胖耻辱”,它与美国的新教传统,种族歧视等社会背景息息相关。一方面通过对在美国政治、商业以及种族文化背景中“完美”身体理想的体现进行探究,另一方面分析肥胖和衰老人群的自我认知,体现美国理想身体形象背后多元而互相作用的社会文化因素。第三章试从现代资本权力运作机制的角度解释将“理想身材标准”内化于社会成员的方式。现代社会兴起的消费主义鼓励健身者对身体进行“客体化”,甚至是“商品化”。一方面,现代健身者将自身客体化的现象其实质为身体美学范畴内审美主体性的让渡。另一方面,当代美国健身产业为了吸引更多消费者于是将健身行为与优秀品德意志相结合,这些理念看似合理,实则具有诱导性与强制性的特点。结合米歇尔·福柯的知识/权利观,本章将从社会微观权力规训身体的角度对现代资本作用下“理想”身材标准的形成过程进行分析,进一步说明消费社会对当代美国“理想”身材标准形成起到的决定性作用,同时阐明在现代资本权力的作用下,为了保证现代资本主义社会的源动力,现代资本权力作为“隐形的手”通过创造社会规范规训身体的方式使消费者不断产生消费需求,从而确保相关产业的发展与繁荣。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the social and cultural factors that led to the formation of this unique body view and the social operating mechanism behind it are discussed through the study of the fitness culture and the body view that emerged in the United States in the 1980s. This paper summarizes and summarizes the standard of body image of contemporary American bodybuilding, and studies the embodiment of body image standard in American social life. The second chapter focuses on the social and cultural background of the formation of the image standard of bodybuilding. Although the western society began to praise the bodybuilding from the ancient Greek period, the unique American culture also gave birth to the unique cultural implication for the body-building image. What this ideal body image actually negates is the "obesity shame" developed from American culture and history, which is closely related to American Protestant tradition, racial discrimination and other social backgrounds. On the one hand, by exploring the embodiment of "perfect" physical ideals in American politics, business, and racial and cultural backgrounds, on the other hand, by analyzing the self-perception of obese and aging people, Social and cultural factors that reflect the diversity and interaction behind the ideal body image of the United States. The third chapter tries to explain the way to internalize the ideal body standard into social members from the angle of modern capital power operation mechanism. Consumerism rising in modern society encourages bodybuilders to "objectify" or even "commercialize" the body. On the one hand, the phenomenon that modern bodybuilders objectify themselves is essentially the transfer of aesthetic subjectivity within the category of body aesthetics. On the other hand, in order to attract more consumers, the contemporary American fitness industry combines fitness behavior with excellent German, which seems reasonable, but has the characteristics of inducement and compulsion. Combined with Michelle Foucault's view of knowledge / rights, this chapter will analyze the formation process of "ideal" body standard under the action of modern capital from the perspective of social micro power discipline body. Further explaining the decisive role that consumer society plays in the formation of the "ideal" body standard of contemporary America, and at the same time expounding that under the action of modern capital power, in order to ensure the source power of modern capitalist society, As an invisible hand, modern capital power can make consumers produce consumer demand by creating social norm and discipline body, so as to ensure the development and prosperity of related industries.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G817.12

【相似文献】