我国优秀高山滑雪运动员身体素质特征分析

发布时间：2018-07-02 20:31

本文选题：高山滑雪 + 运动员　；参考：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:本研究通过对我国优秀高山滑雪运动员和普通受试者进行测试。获得包括,躯干力量、下肢力量、无氧能力、平衡、灵敏、协调等身体素质指标分别进行对比分析,进而获得该项运动员的身体素质特征,了解专项特点,为专项训练提供建议,为进一步研究高山滑雪项目打下基础。研究方法:以15名国家队优秀高山滑雪运动员为研究对象(男:6名,女:9名);空白组为与该项运动员性别、年龄、身高、体重相配的,没有经过专项训练的普通人(女、男性各10人)。分别进行下肢等速肌力,躯干力量,FMS,Wingate,闭眼单脚站立,Box Jump,T型跑,300码折返跑,40码冲刺跑,立定跳远,俯卧撑等测试。对运动员与普通人,以及男女运动员间的测试结果进行分析比较。研究结果:我国高山滑雪运动员乆绳肌力量大于普通人(P0.01),女运动员股四头肌力量大于普通女性(P0.01),男运动员的膝关节的H/Q值与普通男性相比有显著性差异(P0.05)。高山滑雪运动员的背部力量,屈伸力量比,Box Jump次数,立定跳远距离,300码折返跑时间,俯卧撑个数均与普通人有显著性差异(P0.01)。女运动员的Wingate测试显著大于普通女性(P0.01)。研究结论:下肢力量:我国高山滑雪运动员乆绳肌向心力量与离心力量比值约为1:1;在60°/s的角速度时,膝关节屈伸峰力矩比值女运动员为0.60-0.98,男运动员为0.70-1.09;在180°/s的角速度时,膝关节屈伸峰力矩比值女运动员为0.70-1.22,男运动员为0.77-1.20;躯干力量:高山滑运动员的背部力量强大,躯干伸肌力量约为屈肌力量的2倍,高山滑雪运动员左、右侧屈,左、右侧旋力量相对平衡;我国高山滑雪运动员最大功率:女运动员为527.82-648.98W,男运动员为662.96-896.24W;平均功率:女运动员为439.11-556.89W,男运动员为569.82-747.78W;女运动员的最大功率与平均功率约为普通女性的1.4倍,男运动员的最大功率与平均功率与普通男性水平较一致。
[Abstract]:Objective: the purpose of this study was to test the excellent alpine skiers and common subjects in China. The body quality indexes, including trunk strength, lower extremity strength, anaerobic ability, balance, agility, coordination and so on, were compared and analyzed respectively, and then the physical fitness characteristics of the athlete were obtained and the special characteristics of the athletes were understood. To provide suggestions for special training and lay the foundation for further study of Alpine skiing. Methods: fifteen national elite alpine skiers (male: 6, female: 9) were studied, and the blank group was a normal person without special training who matched the athlete's sex, age, height and weight (female). 10 men each). The isokinetic muscle strength of the lower extremity, the torso strength FMS Wingate, the standing on one foot with closed eyes, the box Jumpft type running for 300 yards, the sprint for 40 yards, the standing long jump and the push-ups were carried out respectively. The test results between athletes and ordinary people, as well as between male and female athletes were analyzed and compared. Results: the strength of rope muscle of Chinese alpine skiers was greater than that of ordinary people (P0.01), and the strength of quadriceps of female athletes was greater than that of ordinary women (P0.01). The H / Q value of knee joint of male athletes was significantly different from that of normal men (P0.05). The back strength of alpine skiers, the ratio of flexion and extention strength to box Jump, the time of 300 yards reverse run of standing long jump, the number of push-ups were significantly different from those of ordinary people (P0.01). The Wingate test of female athletes was significantly higher than that of ordinary women (P0.01). Conclusion: lower limb strength: the ratio of centripetal strength to centrifugal force of rope muscle of Chinese alpine skiers is about 1: 1; at the angular velocity of 60 掳/ s, the ratio of peak moment of knee joint flexion and extension is 0.60-0.98 for female athletes and 0.70-1.09 for male athletes; at 180 掳/ s angular velocity, The peak torque ratio of knee joint flexion and extension was 0.70-1.22 for female athletes and 0.77-1.20 for male athletes. The trunk strength of alpine skaters was about 2 times that of flexor muscles, and the trunk strength of alpine skaters was about 2 times that of flexor muscles, while that of alpine skiers was left, right and left. The maximum power of Chinese alpine skiers is 527.82-648.98W, and that of male athletes is 662.96-896.24W. the average power is 439.11-556.89W for female athletes and 569.82-747.78Wfor male athletes. The maximum power and average power of male athletes are consistent with the average male level.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G863.11

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