高校攀岩运动员上、下肢Wingate无氧功率测定及身体成分的研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 13:28

【摘要】：研究目的:对上海市部分高校攀岩运动员上、下肢Wingate无氧功率以及身体成分进行测定,阐述高校攀岩运动员的无氧代谢能力和身体形态特征;探讨高校攀岩运动员上、下肢无氧功率、身体成分之间的相关性,为攀岩运动提高训练效果、运动员初选材、教练员制定训练计划和训练方法提供理论依据。研究方法:将42名青年男性分为运动员组和非运动员组。其中运动员组为21名高校攀岩运动员;非运动员组为健康的21名普通在校大学生。本实验分为实验室测定和运动场测定两个部分,其中实验室测定包括身体形态指标测定和上、下肢Wingate无氧功率测定;运动场测定为Powerslap测定。所有受试者24小时内无剧烈运动、睡眠充足,半年内无明显伤病,体内无金属移植物;两组受试者身高、体重相匹配(p0.05)。结果:(1)运动员组的体脂率显著低于非运动员组(p0.01);两组BMI、去脂体重无显著性差异(p0.05)。(2)运动员组的Powerslap测试高度、Powerslap系数均显著高于非运动员组(p0.01)。(3)运动员组的上肢PP显著高于非运动员组(p0.05),PP(W/kg)、AP、AP(W/kg)及MP均非常显著高于非运动员组(p0.01),运动员组的t PP和PD显著低于非运动员组(p0.01,p0.05)。(4)两组的下肢Wingate无氧功率指标不存在统计学差异(p0.05)。结论:(1)运动员组上肢无氧功率指标显著优于非运动员组,且具有较强的无氧能力和爆发力。(2)两组受试者上肢肌肉抗疲劳能力优于下肢肌肉。(3)两组下肢Wingate无氧功率指标不存在显著性差异。建议:(1)身高、臂展可能对Powerslap测试成绩具有一定的影响,应进行综合对比、分析。(2)可尝试将Wingate无氧实验运用于攀岩运动的训练,也可作为评价和监测训练效果的新方式。(3)将Wingate无氧实验运用于实际训练时,其内容和目的应该围绕提高AP和降低PD来开展。
[Abstract]:Objective: to measure the anaerobic power and body composition of Wingate in the upper and lower limbs of some college climbers in Shanghai, to expound the anaerobic metabolic ability and body shape characteristics of college rock climbing athletes, and to explore the characteristics of the body shape of college rock climbing athletes. The correlation between the anaerobic power of lower limbs and body composition provides the theoretical basis for improving the training effect of rock climbing, selecting the initial material for athletes, and making training plan and training methods for coaches. Methods: 42 young men were divided into athlete group and non-athlete group. The athletes group is 21 college rock climbers and the non-athletes group is 21 normal college students. This experiment is divided into two parts: laboratory measurement and sports field measurement. The laboratory measurement includes body shape index, upper and lower limb Wingate anaerobic power measurement, sports field measurement is Powerslap measurement. All the subjects had no strenuous exercise within 24 hours, enough sleep, no obvious injury within half a year and no metal grafts. The height and weight of the two groups were matched (p0.05). Results: (1) the body fat rate of the athletes was significantly lower than that of the non-athletes (p0.01), and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p0.05). (2). The Powerslap test height of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes (p0.01). (3), and the PP of the upper limbs of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes (p0.01). (3). Compared with the non-athletes group (p0.05), the PP (W/kg) AP (W/kg) and MP in the non-athletes group were significantly higher than those in the non-athlete group (p0.01). The Wingate anaerobic power of the lower extremities in the athletes group was significantly lower than that in the non-athlete group (p0.01p0.05). (4) (p0.05). Conclusion: (1) the index of anaerobic power in upper limb of athletes is significantly better than that of non-athletes. (2) the anti-fatigue ability of upper limb muscles was better than that of lower extremity muscles. (3) there was no significant difference in Wingate anaerobic power between the two groups. The suggestions are as follows: (1) height and arm exhibition may have a certain influence on the Powerslap test results, so we should make a comprehensive comparison and analysis. (2) We can try to apply the Wingate anaerobic experiment to the training of rock climbing. It can also be used as a new way to evaluate and monitor the training effect. (3) when Wingate anaerobic experiment is applied to actual training, its content and purpose should focus on improving AP and reducing PD.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G881;G804.49

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