网球正手击球的不同移动方式对下肢冲击载荷的影响

发布时间：2018-08-24 19:31

【摘要】：目的:采集不同场地表面、不同线路上正手移动击球动作下肢肌肉活性数据和胫骨结节加速度数据,比较不同场地表面、不同线路对正手移动击球过程中下肢肌肉活动和下肢受到冲击载荷的影响。方法:对北京体育大学网球专项14名男性二级运动员进行2种场地表面和4个线路的正手击球技术测试,采用无线表面肌电仪、加速度采集系统(三轴)采集数据,记录每次移动到击球结束这段时间内股直肌、股二头肌、胫骨前肌、腓肠肌外侧头、腓肠肌内侧头和腓骨长肌的表面肌电信号和胫骨结节加速度数据,计算表面肌电的积分肌电、均方根振幅、中位频率和加速度最大振幅、X轴加速度振动频率,记录X轴加速度最大振幅出现时间。结果:1)场地因素对上下方向的加速度最大振幅无显著性影响;在左右方向和前后方向的加速度最大振幅硬地上与沙地上有显著性差异(P0.05);2)上下方向的加速度最大振幅在各个线路无显著性差异,但在左右方向上,线路4中的加速度最大振幅最小,在前后方向上线路1中的加速度最大振幅最小;3)场地表面对下肢各肌肉的激活程度有显著性影响,具体表现为除股直肌外,其余各肌肉在硬地上的均方根振幅和积分肌电值均大于沙地,且有显著性差异。研究得出以下结论:1.网球移动击球时,下肢所受冲击载荷在上下方向最大,其次为左右方向,前后方向最小。2.移动击球时硬地网球场下肢所受冲击载荷均高于沙地网球场,且在左右和前后方向更为明显。3.在不同线路移动击球时,下肢所受到的冲击载荷无明显差别,仅在正手侧身击球时下肢左右方向所受冲击载荷明显低于其他线路。但随着跑动距离的增加,下肢所受冲击载荷增加,损伤风险增加。4.在移动击球过程中,下肢多数肌肉在硬地上的激活程度明显高于沙地,表明人体可调控神经-肌肉活动方式来应对运动表面材质和冲击载荷差异的影响。
[Abstract]:Objective: to collect the muscle activity data of lower extremity and tibial nodule acceleration data of forehand movement on different ground surfaces, and to compare the surface of different sites. Different circuits affect lower extremity muscle movement and lower extremities under impact load during forehand movement. Methods: a total of 14 male second-class tennis players from Beijing University of physical Education were tested for forehand batting technique with 2 kinds of field surfaces and 4 circuits. The data were collected by the wireless surface electromyograph and the acceleration acquisition system (triaxial). The surface electromyography and acceleration data of rectus femoris muscle, biceps femoris muscle, anterior tibia muscle, lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle, medial head of gastrocnemius muscle and long gastrocnemius muscle were recorded. The integral electromyography (EMG), root mean square amplitude (RMS), median frequency and maximum acceleration amplitude were calculated, and the time of occurrence of maximum amplitude of X-axis acceleration was recorded. Results (1) the site factor had no significant effect on the maximum amplitude of acceleration in the upper and lower directions. There was significant difference in the maximum amplitude of acceleration between the left and right directions and the front and back directions between the hard ground and the sandy land (P0.05). The maximum amplitude of acceleration in the upper and lower directions had no significant difference in each line, but in the left and right directions, there was no significant difference between the two directions. The maximum amplitude of acceleration in line 4 was the smallest, and the maximum amplitude of acceleration in line 1 was the smallest in the front and rear directions. The site surface had a significant effect on the activation of the muscles of the lower extremity, except for the rectus femoris. The root-mean-square amplitude and integral myoelectric value of the other muscles on the hard ground were higher than those in the sandy land, and there were significant differences. The study came to the following conclusion: 1. The impact load on the lower extremity is the largest in the upper and lower directions, followed by the left and right directions, and the least in the front and back directions. The impact load on the lower limbs of the hard tennis court is higher than that of the sand tennis court when the ball is moving, and it is more obvious in the left and right direction and in the front and back direction. There is no significant difference in the impact load on the lower extremity when the stroke is moved on different circuits, but the impact load on the left and right direction of the lower extremity is obviously lower than that on the side of the forehand. However, with the increase of running distance, the impact load on lower limbs increases and the risk of injury increases by .4. The activation of most lower extremity muscles on the hard ground was significantly higher than that on the sandy ground during the course of moving batting, which indicated that the human body could regulate the nerve-muscle activity mode to cope with the influence of the difference of movement surface material and impact load.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G845

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