非物质文化遗产视域下单县大洪拳的传承与发展研究
发布时间：2018-08-26 17:20
【摘要】：民族传统体育是民族特有的、经过历史的洗礼“取其精华、去其糟粕”传承下来的民族体育文化的总称;民族传统体育凝聚了一个国家和民族的灵魂,代表着国家和民族的传统体育文化。[1]大洪拳是国家级非物质文化遗产,是我国独有的民族传统体育文化瑰宝。单县是有名的“中国武术之乡”,早在清文宗咸丰年间大洪拳就流行于单县一带,并且延续至今。单县大洪拳是极具特色的地方民族传统体育项目,是优秀的民族武术传统文化,是中国大洪拳的重要组成部分。上世纪九十年代之后,随着社会的发展智能化、网络化、科技化和外来文化的冲击,单县人民对大洪拳的了解越来越少。一些老拳师的相继去世,单县大洪拳的传承与发展开始走下坡路,甚至面临失传的境地。随着国家对非物质文化遗产的重视,2014年单县大洪拳被列入山东省菏泽市非物质文化遗产名录,但是这一民族传统体育项目的传承与发展的困境并没有从根本上解决。有鉴于此,单县大洪拳的有序传承和发展问题堪忧,急需对单县大洪拳的传承与发展方面予以关注。本文是从非物质文化遗产的视域下,对单县大洪拳的传承与发展进行研究,为山东省非物质文化遗产中民族传统体育的传承与发展提供有效的手段和实践性的指导。笔者通过文献资料法、访谈法、田野调查法、逻辑分析法,从非物质文化遗产视角,对单县大洪拳的传承与发展进行梳理与综合分析,借鉴其他相关的研究成果,从如下几方面进行了探索:首先对单县大洪拳的传承层面和发展层面进行分析。传承层面主要是从传承方式、传承人的文化水平和收入水平、年龄、人们的传承意识和外来文化的冲击进行分析;发展层面主要是从外来文化的冲击、传播方式、套路创新、协会与武馆的情况和政府对单县大洪拳支持力度进行分析。其次,研究发现单县大洪拳传承上存在方式单一,传承人文化水平低和收入低、年龄偏高,人们的传承意识浅薄,外来文化影响了人们的选择意识等问题;发展上存在受外来文化的影响,传播方式跟不上时代的步伐,创作力度薄弱,协会及武馆相继停办,政府的支持力度不足等问题。因为单县大洪拳拳师及政府部门没有引进新的传承方式,也没有对传承人进行专业性和文化水平的培养,没有设置传承的专项资金,政府的宣传力度不足和外来文化的冲击等原因,导致单县大洪拳的传承面临困境。第三,真对以上问题及原因,笔者提出了相应的对策:(1)政府管理部门需构建宏观单县大洪拳管理机制。制定《单县大洪拳保护规定》,成立协会,采用“民办公助”的形式管理单县大洪拳;设立扶持单县大洪拳传承与发展专项资金,保障传承人的生活水平,引进专业人才,鼓励参加比赛、表演并奖励得奖者,扩大单县大洪拳的知名度;采用“知识产权”方式和建立培养基地,加强对传承人的保护与培养;将单县大洪拳引入校园,开展校本课程,扩大单县大洪拳的知名度和影响力,提高学生的兴趣。(2)单县武术文化主管部门可用比赛方式推动单县大洪拳的文化交流。组织全国性的比赛和表演活动,与其他拳师以武会友,相互学习和交流;开发多元化宣传渠道,利用电视媒体、网络媒体转播文化节、表演、比赛等,加强宣传力度;借用文化商业产业园、体验基地和培训基地等现代商业营销模式推广单县大洪拳;采用“引进来”的方式创新武术套路。(3)多渠道培养单县大洪拳传承人。引入学校传承、群体传承、社会传承多种形式,丰富传统的传承方式;引进专业型人才,对拳师进行专业知识和现代网络知识培训和指导,增强师资力量;灵活运用现代教学方法,完善传承的系统性和规范性;整理和完善套路,并建立数字化文库。第四,综合构建发展传承模式。建立传承人培养模式、新型知识产权模式、博物馆模式、舞台表演模式、体验式展销模式、学校课程教学模式和文化综合体模式。最后,提出了动静结合的建议。静态方面制定单县大洪拳保护措施,成立单县大洪拳普查挖掘小组;对单县大洪拳的传统套路进行录音、录像、整理、存档;开展调查工作,摸清单县及周边县传人的状况及基本套路、师承关系;开展理论研究,进一步挖掘其历史起源、演变情况和艺术价值。动态方面有序培养单县大洪拳新学员,搞好传承,并不断壮大队伍;举办各种展览、表演活动,扩大影响;组织传人对大洪拳进行艺术性加工,打造区域特色文化名片。
[Abstract]:The national traditional sports is the national unique, after the historical baptism "takes its essence, removes its dregs" the inheritance national sports culture general name; The National Traditional Sports condenses a country and the national soul, represents the national and the national traditional sports culture. [1] Dahongquan is the national intangible cultural heritage, is our country unique. Shanxian County is a famous "hometown of Chinese Wushu". Dahongquan was popular in Shanxian County as early as the reign of Emperor Wenzong Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, and has continued to this day. Since the 1990s, with the development of society, intelligence, networking, science and technology, and the impact of foreign culture, the people of single county have less and less knowledge of Dahongquan. In 2014, Dahongquan was listed in the intangible cultural heritage list of Heze City, Shandong Province, but the plight of inheritance and development of this national traditional sports has not been fundamentally solved. Note. From the perspective of intangible cultural heritage, this paper studies the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shandong Province, providing effective means and practical guidance for the inheritance and development of traditional national sports in intangible cultural heritage. From the perspective of inheritance, this paper combs and analyzes the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shanxian County from the following aspects: firstly, the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shanxian County are analyzed. People's awareness of inheritance and the impact of foreign culture are analyzed; the development level is mainly from the impact of foreign culture, dissemination methods, routine innovation, Association and Wuguan situation and the government's support for the single county Dahong boxing analysis. Secondly, the study found that the single county Dahong boxing inheritance exists in a single way, inheritance of low cultural level and reception. There are some problems in the development, such as the influence of foreign culture, the way of communication can not keep up with the pace of the times, the weak creativity, the suspension of associations and martial arts halls, and the insufficient support of the government. The departments did not introduce new inheritance methods, nor did they train the inheritors of professional and cultural level, nor did they set up special funds for inheritance, the government's propaganda was insufficient and foreign culture shocks and other reasons, leading to the inheritance of Dahongquan in a single county is facing difficulties. Policies: (1) The government management departments should establish the macro-management mechanism of Dahongquan in single county, formulate < protection regulations of Dahongquan in single county >, set up associations to manage Dahongquan in single county with the form of "private and public assistance"; set up special funds to support the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in single county, ensure the living standards of inheritors, introduce professionals, encourage participation in competitions, etc. Performing and rewarding the winners, expanding the popularity of Dahongquan in Shanxian County; adopting the method of "intellectual property rights" and establishing a training base to strengthen the protection and training of inheritors; introducing Dahongquan in Shanxian County into the campus, carrying out school-based courses, expanding the popularity and influence of Dahongquan in Shanxian County, and enhancing students'interest. (2) The competent department of Wushu culture in Shanxian County may Promote the cultural exchange of Dahongquan in Shanxian County by means of competitions, organize national competitions and performances, learn from and communicate with other boxers by means of martial arts, develop diversified propaganda channels, use television media, network media to broadcast cultural festivals, performances, competitions, etc., and strengthen propaganda efforts; borrow cultural and commercial parks to experience bases and training Training base and other modern commercial marketing model to promote single county Dahongquan; adopt the "imported" way to innovate Wushu routine. (3) Multi-channel training of single county Dahongquan successors. Knowledge training and guidance to enhance the strength of teachers; flexible use of modern teaching methods to improve the inheritance of the system and norms; collate and improve the routine, and establish a digital library. Fourth, comprehensive construction of development and inheritance model. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to combine the dynamic with the static. In the static aspect, it formulates the protective measures of Dahongquan in a single county, establishes a survey and excavation team of Dahongquan in a single county, records, videotapes, collates and archives the traditional routines of Dahongquan in a single county, and carries out investigation to find out the inheritance of Dahongquan in and around counties. Conditions and basic routines, the relationship between teachers and inheritors; carry out theoretical research, further excavate its historical origin, evolution and artistic value. Dynamic aspect of orderly training of new students of Dahongquan in Shanxian County, do a good job of inheritance, and constantly expand the team; hold various exhibitions, performance activities, expand the impact; organize successors to carry out artistic processing of Dahongquan, create a region. Domain characteristic culture card.
【学位授予单位】：山东体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G852.12
本文编号：2205617
[Abstract]:The national traditional sports is the national unique, after the historical baptism "takes its essence, removes its dregs" the inheritance national sports culture general name; The National Traditional Sports condenses a country and the national soul, represents the national and the national traditional sports culture. [1] Dahongquan is the national intangible cultural heritage, is our country unique. Shanxian County is a famous "hometown of Chinese Wushu". Dahongquan was popular in Shanxian County as early as the reign of Emperor Wenzong Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, and has continued to this day. Since the 1990s, with the development of society, intelligence, networking, science and technology, and the impact of foreign culture, the people of single county have less and less knowledge of Dahongquan. In 2014, Dahongquan was listed in the intangible cultural heritage list of Heze City, Shandong Province, but the plight of inheritance and development of this national traditional sports has not been fundamentally solved. Note. From the perspective of intangible cultural heritage, this paper studies the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shandong Province, providing effective means and practical guidance for the inheritance and development of traditional national sports in intangible cultural heritage. From the perspective of inheritance, this paper combs and analyzes the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shanxian County from the following aspects: firstly, the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in Shanxian County are analyzed. People's awareness of inheritance and the impact of foreign culture are analyzed; the development level is mainly from the impact of foreign culture, dissemination methods, routine innovation, Association and Wuguan situation and the government's support for the single county Dahong boxing analysis. Secondly, the study found that the single county Dahong boxing inheritance exists in a single way, inheritance of low cultural level and reception. There are some problems in the development, such as the influence of foreign culture, the way of communication can not keep up with the pace of the times, the weak creativity, the suspension of associations and martial arts halls, and the insufficient support of the government. The departments did not introduce new inheritance methods, nor did they train the inheritors of professional and cultural level, nor did they set up special funds for inheritance, the government's propaganda was insufficient and foreign culture shocks and other reasons, leading to the inheritance of Dahongquan in a single county is facing difficulties. Policies: (1) The government management departments should establish the macro-management mechanism of Dahongquan in single county, formulate < protection regulations of Dahongquan in single county >, set up associations to manage Dahongquan in single county with the form of "private and public assistance"; set up special funds to support the inheritance and development of Dahongquan in single county, ensure the living standards of inheritors, introduce professionals, encourage participation in competitions, etc. Performing and rewarding the winners, expanding the popularity of Dahongquan in Shanxian County; adopting the method of "intellectual property rights" and establishing a training base to strengthen the protection and training of inheritors; introducing Dahongquan in Shanxian County into the campus, carrying out school-based courses, expanding the popularity and influence of Dahongquan in Shanxian County, and enhancing students'interest. (2) The competent department of Wushu culture in Shanxian County may Promote the cultural exchange of Dahongquan in Shanxian County by means of competitions, organize national competitions and performances, learn from and communicate with other boxers by means of martial arts, develop diversified propaganda channels, use television media, network media to broadcast cultural festivals, performances, competitions, etc., and strengthen propaganda efforts; borrow cultural and commercial parks to experience bases and training Training base and other modern commercial marketing model to promote single county Dahongquan; adopt the "imported" way to innovate Wushu routine. (3) Multi-channel training of single county Dahongquan successors. Knowledge training and guidance to enhance the strength of teachers; flexible use of modern teaching methods to improve the inheritance of the system and norms; collate and improve the routine, and establish a digital library. Fourth, comprehensive construction of development and inheritance model. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to combine the dynamic with the static. In the static aspect, it formulates the protective measures of Dahongquan in a single county, establishes a survey and excavation team of Dahongquan in a single county, records, videotapes, collates and archives the traditional routines of Dahongquan in a single county, and carries out investigation to find out the inheritance of Dahongquan in and around counties. Conditions and basic routines, the relationship between teachers and inheritors; carry out theoretical research, further excavate its historical origin, evolution and artistic value. Dynamic aspect of orderly training of new students of Dahongquan in Shanxian County, do a good job of inheritance, and constantly expand the team; hold various exhibitions, performance activities, expand the impact; organize successors to carry out artistic processing of Dahongquan, create a region. Domain characteristic culture card.
【学位授予单位】：山东体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G852.12
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