北京体育大学竞技体校标枪队冬训期专项力量训练的研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 16:47

【摘要】：专项力量是影响运动员运动技术水平和取得优异的竞赛成绩的重要因素之一,提高标枪运动员的专项力量,是提高成绩的重要条件。本文研究从标枪运动员冬训期专项力量训练出发,研究运动员在冬训期的专项力量训练,试图为标枪专项力量训练提供科学依据。研究运用文献资料法、临场观察法、专家访谈法等方法,通过对北京体育大学竞技体校标枪队冬训期专项力量的训练进行跟踪、观察,并记录训练的过程,统计专项力量训练的相关数据并进行归纳总结。得出结论如下:(1)北京体育大学竞技体校标枪运动员冬训期训练目标明确,第一阶段的体能恢复期较长,为8周时间。青少年运动员的专项力量素质在这个冬训期都得到了增强,投掷能力增长较大,同时,专项成绩较冬训前平均增长了5米。(2)冬训期专项力量训练中,主要以小力量为主,负重抗阻类练习从第9周才开始进行,专项力量训练以发展专项技能力量和专项投掷力量。在训练的过程中,实现“个体化”的安排,根据运动员自身的特点和安排,合理安排训练内容,重视对于肩关节及肘关节的练习。(3)在冬训期的专项力量训练中,教练员主要以增强标枪运动员的手臂与肩关节,以及腰腹肌力量上,以标枪的项目特征来开展专项力量训练。主要采用对墙反弹球,仰拉和双手投等训练手段,使获得的力量素质更多的与专项技术结合,教练员善于使用身边的各种器材进行多样化的训练。(4)北京体育大学竞技体校标枪运动员冬训期专项力量训练的负荷量呈波浪式上升的趋势,负荷强度呈跳跃式上升的趋势。通过与青少年田径训练大纲相比,其负荷强度在中高水平,双手投及单手投平均周投掷次数达到了200次及以上。同时,在专项力量训练之后,教练员比较重视运动员的放松性练习。(5)北京体育大学竞技体校标枪运动员冬训期中,一般力量训练课占总课次的15%,专项力量课占总课次的45%,其中专项技能力量占17%,专项投掷力量占28%。这说明教练员注重发展运动员的力量素质,提高青少年标枪运动员的专项能力。
[Abstract]:The special strength is one of the important factors that affect the athletes' technical level and the achievement of excellent competition. To improve the special strength of javelin athletes is an important condition to improve their performance. Starting from the special strength training of javelin athletes during winter training, this paper studies the special strength training of athletes during winter training, and tries to provide scientific basis for the special strength training of javelins. By using the methods of literature, field observation, expert interview and so on, this paper tracks and observes the special strength of javelin team of Beijing Sports University during winter training, and records the process of training. Statistics the relevant data of special strength training and sum up. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the goal of javelin athletes in Beijing Sports University during winter training is clear, and the recovery period of physical fitness in the first stage is longer, which is 8 weeks. The quality of special strength of juvenile athletes has been strengthened during this winter training period, and the throwing ability has increased greatly. At the same time, the special performance has increased by an average of 5 meters compared with that before winter training. (2) in the training of special strength during winter training, the main focus is on small strength. The load-bearing resistance training started from the 9th week, and the special strength training was carried out to develop the special skill strength and the special throwing force. In the process of training, the arrangement of "individualization" is realized. According to the characteristics and arrangements of the athletes, the training contents should be reasonably arranged, and the training of the shoulder and elbow joints should be emphasized. (3) in the training of special strength during winter training, Coaches mainly strengthen javelin athletes' arms and shoulder joints, as well as the strength of the psoas and abdominal muscles, and carry out special strength training with the characteristics of javelin items. We mainly use training methods such as rebound ball on the wall, back pull and both hands throw, so that the quality of the strength gained is more combined with the special technology. Coaches are good at using all kinds of equipment around to carry out diversified training. (4) the load of javelin athletes in Beijing Sports University in winter training shows the trend of wave rising and the load intensity of leaping. Compared with the junior track and field training outline, the load intensity is in the middle and high level, the average weekly throwing times of the two-handed and single-handed are 200 and above. At the same time, after the special strength training, coaches pay more attention to the relaxation exercise of athletes. (5) during the winter training of javelin athletes in Beijing Sports University, The general strength training class accounts for 15 percent of the total class, and the special strength class accounts for 45 percent of the total class, of which the special skill force accounts for 17, and the special throwing force accounts for 28 percent. This shows that coaches pay attention to the development of athletes' strength quality, improve the special ability of juvenile javelin athletes.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G824.3-4

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