冬奥会项目设置的历史演进研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 14:53

【摘要】：2015年7月31日,在国际奥委会第128次全会上,国际奥委会主席巴赫宣布中国北京将获得2022年第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会的主办权。随着申冬奥成功,冬奥会也开始受到越来越多的关注。本文以冬奥会项目历史发展为线索,结合夏奥会中关于冬季项目及冬奥会重大历史事件为节点,将冬奥会项目的历史发展划分为四个阶段,对冬奥会项目设置的历史演进进行研究。通过回顾冬奥会项目设置发展的历史,为奥林匹克文化教育传播与开展提供丰富详实的素材,同时也为冬季运动和冬季运动项目赛事在中国的全面推广和普及提供参考和借鉴。本文运用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法及内容分析法,结合冬奥会项目的发展背景,详细阐述了四个阶段内冬奥会项目设置演进过程(包括冰上项目及雪上项目各自的历史发展、冬奥会参与国家或地区及运动员数量等)并得出以下结论:1.根据冬季项目在奥运会的历史演进为节点,纵观冬季运动发展的背景,依据冬季项目进入奥运会及冬奥会的标志性事件,本研究将冬奥会项目的历史演进分为四个阶段,具体为起步阶段(1908-1923)、发展阶段(1924-1959)、快速发展阶段(1960-1993)、成熟阶段(1994-至今)。2.纵观冬奥会的整个发展历史,就项目整体设置而言,以各个阶段最后一届奥运会为节点,在大项方面,从起步阶段的2项、发展阶段的4项、快速发展阶段的6项、到成熟阶段的7项。分项方面,从起步阶段的2项、发展阶段的8项、快速发展阶段的12项、到成熟阶段的15项。小项方面,从起步阶段的4项、发展阶段的24项、快速发展阶段的57项、到成熟阶段的98项。所以从总体来看,可以得出,在项目设置的数量来看,大项缓慢增长,分项稳定上升,小项增幅迅猛。3.在冬奥会国家或地区及运动员参与度上,1924年共有16个国家258名运动员,而到2014年已经发展为88个国家2780名运动员,未来仍有上升趋势。此外,由于项目的增加,女子竞技水平的提高,女子运动员的比例也有大幅提升,从夏蒙尼冬奥会的4.3%上升至索契冬奥会的41.7%,男女比例正在趋于平衡。4.冰雪项目,尤其是雪上项目,与自然联系较为密切。从设置项目本身的特点来看,从最初的交通方式及生存技巧的需要逐渐向竞技化及迎合运动欣赏的精神需求转移。这些项目集观赏性、惊险性、刺激性、挑战性、时尚性于一体,具有鲜明的时代特征,能够快速吸引受众,激发大众兴趣,促进群众对冰雪运动的认知与参与。
[Abstract]:On July 31, 2015, at the 128th plenary session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), IOC President Bach announced that Beijing, China, will be awarded the right to host the 24th Winter Olympic Games in 2022. With the success of the Olympic bid, the Winter Olympic Games also began to receive more and more attention. In this paper, the history of the Olympic Games is divided into four stages, based on the clue of the historical development of the Winter Olympic Games and the important historical events of the Winter Olympic Games in the Summer Olympics, and the historical development of the Olympic Games is divided into four stages. This paper studies the historical evolution of the project setup of the Winter Olympic Games. By reviewing the history of the establishment and development of the Winter Olympic Games, this paper provides rich and detailed materials for the dissemination and development of Olympic culture and education, and also provides a reference for the comprehensive promotion and popularization of winter sports and winter sports events in China. This paper uses the methods of literature, mathematical statistics, logic analysis and content analysis, combined with the development background of the Winter Olympic Games. In this paper, the evolution process of winter Olympic events in four stages (including the historical development of ice and snow events, the number of countries or regions participating in the Olympic Games and the number of athletes, etc.) is described in detail, and the following conclusions are drawn as follows: 1. According to the historical evolution of winter events in the Olympic Games and the background of the development of winter sports, according to the iconic events of winter events entering the Olympic Games and the Olympic Games, this study divides the historical evolution of winter Olympic events into four stages. The first stage (1908-1923), the stage of development (1924-1959), the stage of rapid development (1960-1993), the stage of maturity (1994-present). Throughout the history of the Winter Olympic Games, as far as the overall setting of the project is concerned, taking the last Olympic Games of each stage as the node, in terms of major events, from the start stage of 2 events, the development stage of 4 events, the rapid development stage of 6 events, 7 in the mature stage. In terms of sub-items, there are 2 items in the initial stage, 8 items in the stage of development, 12 items in the stage of rapid development, and 15 items in the stage of maturity. In terms of minor items, there are 4 items in the initial stage, 24 items in the development stage, 57 items in the rapid development stage, and 98 items in the mature stage. So from the overall point of view, it can be concluded that, in terms of the number of projects set up, large items slow growth, sub-item steady rise, small item growth rapid. 3. In 1924, there were 258 athletes from 16 countries, but in 2014, 2780 athletes from 88 countries were involved in the Winter Olympic Games, and there will still be an upward trend in the future. In addition, due to the increase in the number of events and the improvement of women's competitive level, the proportion of women athletes has also increased substantially, from 4.3 percent in the Chamoni Winter Games to 41.7 percent in the Sochi Winter Olympics, and the proportion of women and men is tending to be balanced. Ice and snow projects, especially snow projects, are closely related to nature. From the point of view of the characteristics of setting up the project itself, from the initial need of transportation mode and survival skills to the need of athleticism and to meet the spiritual needs of sports appreciation. These items, which have the distinct characteristics of the times, can attract the audience quickly, arouse the public interest, and promote the people's cognition and participation in the ice and snow sports.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G811.212

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