世界女子体操跳马技术发展特征与趋向研究

发布时间：2018-09-15 06:20

【摘要】：自29届北京奥运会后程菲因伤休整退役至今,我国女子跳马一直处于落后期,形势严峻。随着竞技体操规则的不断变化,总体呈现动作难度系数越来越大、技术要求越来越高的趋势,只有掌握和使用高超的技术动作,才有可能攀登世界竞技体操的高峰,才有可能在跳马比赛中取得优异成绩。为进一步促进我国女子跳马的技术发展,从根本上改变我国女子跳马的落后现状,必须总结我国女子跳马训练的成功经验,找出我国女子跳马落后的原因和外国优秀体操强队的差距,将女子跳马项目的“短板”变为促进我国女子竞技体操的整体优势。本文运用文献资料法、观察法、数理统计法和比较分析法等研究方法对2000-2016年间的奥运会女子跳马单项决赛中前八名选手的动作类型、难度选择和完成情况等相关数据进行对比分析,在分析中探索世界女子跳马技术评分规则的改变对其技术发展的影响,结合2017版女子跳马新规则对世界女子跳马技术未来的发展趋势与特征进行分析,同时对我国女子跳马存在的问题与对策进行研究。通过研究结果表明:1.新规则的变革对跳马动作难度要求更高,对动作质量要求更苛刻;落地稳定是取胜的重要条件;重视女子单项决赛两跳动作的编排;规则变化对发展XZ原类动作有极大促进作用。2.女子跳马动作未来的选择倾向于踺子后手翻类和踺子转体180°;前手翻和侧手翻也是运动员的主选动作;创新和加难在女子跳马中有发展势头;动作质量始终贯穿于跳马的每一个环节;落地稳定是关键环节;女子跳马趋于男性化发展。3.世界女子跳马水平类动作的发展表现为“由盛至衰”的发展特征,前手翻类和XZ原类动作技术表现为“异军突起”的发展特征,“新颖别致”和“后来居上”是女子跳马踺子后手翻类动作和踺子转体180°类动作的技术发展特征。4.我国女子跳马存在的问题是女子跳马两跳动作难度不高和动作质量及稳定性不足。5.我国应该提高教练团队综合教学能力,培养全能型选手和“专项型”选手,加强动作规格性、熟练性和稳定性,加强运动员专项素质训练,创造比赛机会,提高运动员的团结协作意识和心理素质。
[Abstract]:Since Cheng Fei retired after 29 ~ (th) Beijing Olympic Games because of injury, our country's female vault has been in the backward period and the situation is grim. With the continuous changes of the rules of competitive gymnastics, the overall performance of the movement is more and more difficult coefficient, technical requirements are becoming more and more high trend, only by mastering and using superb technical movements, it is possible to climb the peak of the world competitive gymnastics. In order to get a good result in the horse vault. In order to further promote the technical development of Chinese women's vault and fundamentally change the backward situation of our country's women's vault, it is necessary to sum up the successful experience of our country's women's horse vault training. To find out the reason why Chinese women vault lags behind and the gap between foreign excellent gymnastics teams, and to turn the "short board" of the women's vault into the overall advantage of promoting our country's women's competitive gymnastics. Based on the methods of literature, observation, mathematical statistics and comparative analysis, this paper studies the movement types of the top eight contestants in the women's vaulting finals of the Olympic Games from 2000 to 2016. Through the comparative analysis of the relative data, such as difficulty selection and completion, the paper explores the influence of the change of the scoring rules of the world women's vaulting technique on its technical development. Combined with the 2017 edition of the new rules of women's vault, this paper analyzes the future development trend and characteristics of the women's vault technology in the world, and studies the existing problems and countermeasures of the women's vault in China. The results of the study show that: 1. The change of the new rules requires higher difficulty of vault and more stringent requirements on movement quality, stability of landing is an important condition to win, emphasis is paid to the arrangement of two-jump movement in women's finals. The rule change has greatly promoted the development of XZ. 2. The choice of women's horse vault in the future tends to be round off and round off turn 180 掳, forehand and sideslip are also the main choice of athletes, innovation and difficulty in women's vault have a momentum of development; The movement quality always runs through every step of the vault; the stability of the landing is the key link; the female vault tends to the masculine development. 3. The development of women's equine vaulting level in the world is characterized by "from prosperity to decline", and the development of forehand flip and XZ is characterized by "sudden rise". "novelty and chic" and "coming from behind" are the technical development features of the women's horse-vaulting round off movement and the backspring turn movement of 180 掳. The problems existing in the women's vault in China are that the difficulty of the two-jump action is not high and the movement quality and stability are not enough. 5. Our country should improve the comprehensive teaching ability of the coach team, train the all-around players and the "special type" players, strengthen the movement specification, proficiency and stability, strengthen the athletes' special quality training, and create the competition opportunity. Improve athletes' sense of unity and cooperation and psychological quality.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G832.2

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