武术的异化：从形式主义到现实主义

发布时间：2018-09-17 08:43

【摘要】：异化,作为分析和研究社会现象有力的理论武器,倍受当代理论工作者的青睐,被普遍应用于经济、社会、文化等领域。形如经济转型是一个国家在向现代化迈进过程中必然发生的客观事实,经济转型的特征是经济领域的自我异化和自我异化的扬弃,即马克思所谓:“自我异化的扬弃同自我异化走的是同一条道路”。武术的异化研究也是异化与扬弃的统一。异化视域下的武术发展研究,旨在扬弃武术现代化过程中的种种异化现象,从而实现其在更高水平上“否定之否定”后“复归”的状态,即由偏离本质(属性、规律、本意、宗旨等)的自我异化(形式主义)向回归本真的异化的扬弃(现实主义)。采用文献资料、逻辑分析、哲学阐释等理论与方法,着眼于武术现代化过程中的各种异化现象,勾描其形状表现、剖析其内在成因,而后落脚于现实关照下的异化扬弃。但异化是一个相对的哲学概念,因而武术异化基于其审视角度、依据标准、讨论背景等不同而表现出难于准确把控的丰富性。因此,限于学力和问题解决的针对性考虑,本研究所讨论的武术异化又主要集中于竞技武术、学校武术和社会武术三个方面。研究结果显示:(1)关于竞技武术。竞技武术是中国武术与时俱进的必然选择,但相对于传统武术而言其文化色彩缺失、个性特征模糊、“大武术观”的整体视域下又“独秀”于其它武技内容。(2)关于学校武术。行政落实、升学压力、外来体育(武技)挤压等因素影响,使得学校武术教育总体流于形式。(3)关于社会武术。其异化涉及的面比较广泛,如民间传艺过程中对武术功能的夸大、武术文化遗产保护过程中的失真、武术展演过程中的过度艺术化,等等。在有选择的归总武术现代化过程中所呈现的异化现象后,针对性的提出了扬弃异化以回归现实的路径:(1)竞技武术与传统武术理应并驾齐驱,不可偏废,竞技武术走向国际过程中应不断强化中国文化特性。(2)学校武术教育应从体制内的意识上、文化精神熏陶的高度上予以重视。(3)社会武术应在坚持葆有其本真和尊重其发展规律前提下满足社会需要。以期本研究能为武术的当代发展提供理论参照,为“讲好中国武术故事”提供话语素材。
[Abstract]:Alienation, as a powerful theoretical weapon to analyze and study social phenomena, is favored by contemporary theorists and is widely used in the fields of economy, society, culture and so on. Economic transformation is the objective fact that a country must take place in the process of modernization. The characteristics of economic transformation are self-alienation and self-alienation in the economic field. Marx called it: "the sublation of self-alienation is the same road as self-alienation." The study of Wushu alienation is also the unity of alienation and sublation. The research on the development of Wushu from the perspective of alienation aims to sublate all kinds of alienation phenomena in the process of Wushu modernization, so as to realize the "return" state of Wushu after "negation of negation" at a higher level, that is, deviating from the essence (attributes, laws, original intention, and original intention). Self-alienation (formalism) to the sublation (realism) of returning to true alienation. By using the theories and methods of literature, logic analysis and philosophical interpretation, this paper focuses on the dissimilation phenomenon in the process of modernization of Wushu, sketches its shape performance, analyzes its internal cause of formation, and then settles in the alienation sublation under the care of reality. But alienation is a relative philosophical concept, so Wushu alienation is based on its examination angle, according to the standard, discusses the background and so on, and shows the richness of controlling accurately. Therefore, limited to the specific consideration of academic ability and problem solving, the dissimilation of Wushu discussed in this study mainly focuses on three aspects: competitive Wushu, School Wushu and Social Wushu. The results show that: (1) about competitive martial arts. Competitive Wushu is an inevitable choice for Chinese Wushu to keep pace with the times, but compared with the traditional Wushu, its cultural color is lacking, its personality characteristic is vague, and the whole view of "Great Wushu" is "solo" in other martial arts contents. (2) about school wushu. Administrative implementation, pressure to advance to school, external sports (martial arts) squeeze and other factors, make the school martial arts education in general become a mere form. (3) about the social martial arts. Its alienation involves a wide range of areas, such as the folk arts in the process of exaggeration of Wushu function, Wushu cultural heritage protection process of distortion, Wushu show process of excessive artistry, and so on. After the dissimilation phenomenon in the process of modernization of selective general martial arts, the paper puts forward the path of sublation and alienation in order to return to reality: (1) competitive Wushu and traditional Wushu should keep pace with each other and cannot be biased; In the process of competitive Wushu going to the international level, we should constantly strengthen the Chinese cultural characteristics. (2) the school Wushu education should be based on the consciousness within the system. (3) Social Wushu should meet the needs of society on the premise of persisting in its truth and respecting its development law. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical reference for the contemporary development of Wushu and discourse material for telling Wushu stories well.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G852

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