陕西省重点拳击女子运动员冬训及赛前阶段机能变化特点的研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 12:40

【摘要】：目的:为了陕西女子拳击队重点运动员备战全国锦标赛和第13届全运会比赛,提高科学化训练水平,提高运动员的成绩,针对陕西女子拳击队重点运动员进行攻关与服务,通过对其冬训和赛前进行机能监控,了解运动员在不同训练阶段生理生化指标的变化特点、机能变化特点和运动负荷的适应情况,帮助教练员提高科学化训练水平,保证运动员健康,为运动员取得优异的成绩提供保障。方法:本文以陕西省6名优秀女子运动员为研究对象,在冬训阶段到赛前备战期间(2015-12-1~2016-6-1),对运动员的训练情况、生理生化指标进行监控。测试内容包括:身体形态(身高、体重、BMI、身体成分)、机能及素质(有氧代谢能力、无氧代谢能力、肺功和反应时)、生化指标(BLa、T、C、CK、BUN、血常规、尿十项)。测试的时间分别为冬训前、冬训期间、比赛前(一共3次)。用SPSS统计软件对数据进行统计,采用配对样本t检验,以P0.05为显著性水平。结果:1)身体成分:冬训期间与冬训前比较,体重具有非常显著性的下降(P0.01),肌肉含量具明显的上升(P0.05);比赛前与冬训前的体重比较具有显著性的下降(P0.05);肌肉含量具有非常显著性(P0.01);比赛前与冬训期间比较,体重、BMI显著性下降(P0.05)。重点队员刘**的体重下降,BMI下降,瘦体重升高。2)比赛前反应时比冬训期间具有显著性下降(P0.05);比赛前肺功的一秒率%冬训期间比较,有非常显著性上升(P0.01)。重点队员刘**反应时变慢,一秒率%上升。3)整体上无氧功率没有显著性变化,重点队员刘**无氧功率中的最大功率、平均功率变化不大、转速变快。4)整体上最大摄氧量没有显著性变化,比赛前与冬训期间,AT-VO2绝对值(ml/min)具有显著性的下降(P0.05);AT-VO2相对值(ml/min/kg)具有非常显著性的上升(P0.01)。重点队员刘**的最大摄氧量比赛前与冬训期间比较稳定。5)生化指标:整体上的生化指标没有显著性变化,重点队员刘**的T(睾酮),正常值参考范围(8.4-48ng/dl)数据降低,尿蛋白质数值变化较高。结论:1)总体上运动员控体重比较理想。重点运动员在赛前如期降到预期比赛目标体重,最大限度地保存了瘦体重(或者说瘦体重有所提高),保持了良好地体能。2)总体上运动员的反应时有显著性提高,反映出拳击运动员的专项动作速度有所提升。第一秒呼气率显著性提高反映了肺功能有所提高。3)运动员的有氧代谢能力和无氧代谢能力在降体重期间,没有出现显著性下降,反映出运动员在降体重的前提下,机体供能能力得到最大程度的保存。4)总体上运动员生化指标没有出现显著性变化,说明运动员对训练负荷适应较好,没有造成过度疲劳和损伤。重点运动员通过生化监控及时发现其在降体重期间出现的低血睾酮症,通过补充营养、调整训练负荷,及时调整了运动员状态,为其取得优异成绩起到保障作用。
[Abstract]:Objective: in order to improve the scientific training level and improve the performance of the key athletes of Shaanxi Women Boxing team in preparation for the National Championships and the 13th National Games, the key athletes of Shaanxi Women Boxing team can tackle the key problems and serve them. Through monitoring the function of the athletes during winter training and before the competition, we can understand the changing characteristics of physiological and biochemical indexes, the characteristics of function changes and the adaptation of sports load in different training stages, so as to help coaches improve the level of scientific training. To ensure the health of the athletes, for athletes to achieve excellent results to provide protection. Methods: six elite female athletes from Shaanxi Province were studied. During the period of winter training to pre-competition preparation (2015-12-1 / 2016-1), the training situation, physiological and biochemical indexes of the athletes were monitored. The tests included: body shape (height, weight, BMI, body composition), function and quality (aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism, lung function and reaction time), biochemical indicators (BLa,T,C,CK,BUN, blood routine, urine 10). Test time is before winter training, during winter training, before the game (a total of three times). SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data, and the paired sample t-test was used, with P0.05 as the significant level. Results: 1) body composition: compared with that before winter training, Weight has a very significant decline (P0.01), muscle content has a significant increase (P0.05); before the competition and the weight before winter training has a significant decrease (P0.05); muscle content has a very significant (P0.01); before the competition with winter training, weight, BMI significantly decreased (P0.05). The weight loss, BMI loss and lean weight gain of key player Liu * were significantly lower than that during winter training (P0.05), and the second rate of lung work before competition was significantly higher than that during winter training (P0.01). Key team member Liu * reacted slowly and slowly, and the rate of one second increased by%. 3) there was no significant change in the total anaerobic power, but the maximum power in the anaerobic power of key player Liu * did not change significantly, but the average power did not change much. AT-VO2 absolute value (ml/min) decreased significantly (P0.05) and AT-VO2 relative value (ml/min/kg) increased significantly (P0.01). The maximal oxygen uptake of key player Liu * was relatively stable before the competition and during winter training. 5) biochemical indexes: there was no significant change in the biochemical indexes as a whole, and the T (testosterone) and normal reference range (8.4-48ng/dl) data of key member Liu * decreased. The change of urine protein value was higher. Conclusion: 1) it is ideal for athletes to control body weight on the whole. The key athletes reduced to the expected target weight as scheduled before the competition, preserved the lean weight to the maximum extent (or increased the lean weight), and maintained good physical strength. 2) overall, the athletes' reaction time increased significantly. Reflects the boxer's special movement speed has improved. The significant increase of expiratory rate in the first second reflected the improvement of pulmonary function. 3) the aerobic and anaerobic metabolic capacity of athletes did not decrease significantly during the period of weight loss, which reflected that the athletes were on the premise of weight loss. On the whole, there was no significant change in biochemical index of athletes, which indicated that athletes adapt to training load better, and did not cause excessive fatigue and injury. Key athletes through biochemical monitoring timely found their low blood testosterone in the period of weight loss, through supplementary nutrition, adjust the training load, timely adjust the state of athletes, play a role in ensuring their excellent results.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G886.1

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