2013-2016年上海市7-18岁儿童青少年体格发育及营养状况动态分析
发布时间：2018-10-12 17:13
【摘要】：研究目的:儿童青少年时期是身体发育的关键时期,其体格发育和营养状况处于快速生长发育阶段,而生长发育阶段是一个动态变化过程,既具有阶段性和连续性又存在发育速度上的不均衡性。因此,从动态分析角度分析儿童青少年的体格发育和营养状况变化趋势,便于掌握儿童青少年体格发育和营养状况变化特征。本研究对2013-2016年上海市7-18岁儿童青少年进行连续4年的体格发育指标测试,同时收集国内外体格发育和营养状况相关研究资料,旨在了解2013-2016年上海市儿童青少年体格发育和营养状况的动态变化趋势和特征,为提高上海市儿童青少年健康水平提供参考依据的同时,也为全国学生体质健康状况的发展提供借鉴。研究方法:本研究以2013-2016年上海市11所中小学7-18岁学生男、女生共9517名为研究对象,其中2013年2317名,2014年2400名,2015年2400名,2016年2400名。通过体质测试法对研究对象进行身高、体重和腰围测试,数据真实可靠,符合质量控制标准。同时,对2013-2016年上海市7-18岁学生身高、体重、BMI、腰围、营养不良检出率及超重肥胖检出率的动态变化特征进行比较分析。研究结果:1)体格发育方面,随着年份和年龄的增加,身高、体重、BMI及腰围均呈上升趋势。整体上看,2016年7-18岁男生身高、体重、BMI及腰围均高于2013年男生,分别高出4.3cm、3.9kg、0.6kg/m2、2.6cm,且均存在高度显著的差异(P0.001);2016年7-18女生身高、体重、BMI及腰围均高于2013年女生,分别高出2.7cm、3.1kg、1.6kg/m2、1.7cm,均存在明显差异(P0.01)。总体来看,2013-2016年7-18岁男女生身高和BMI发育水平分别高于WHO身高和BMI参考值。2)营养状况方面,随着年份推移,营养不良检出率呈下降趋势,超重肥胖检出率表现出上升趋势。2013-2016年7-18岁男生生营养不良检出率分别10.7%、8.1%、10.2%、7.1%,女生分别是 8.5%、6.4%、8.6%、4.3%,2016 年男女生平均营养不良检出率均明显低于2013年,其中生长迟滞率分别下降0.2%、0.1%,消瘦检出率分别下降3.4%、4.1%,P0.01,有统计学意义。2016年7-18岁男生平均肥胖率明显高于2013年(P0.05),由9.5%增加到12.8%,增加了 3.3%,有统计学意义;2016年女生平均肥胖率明显高于2013年(P0.01),由3.8%增加到7.3%,增加了 3.5%,有统计学意义。3)从总体来看,2013-2016年上海市7-18岁儿童青少年身高、体重、BMI和腰围增长速度表现为前快后慢,各指标的增长水平和速度存在差异。整体上,2013-2016年上海市7-18岁男生身高、体重、BMI和腰围生长发育高峰期提前;女生身高、体重和BMI长发育高峰期提前,腰围生长发育高峰期向后推迟。无论男女,2013-2016年上海市7-18岁儿童青少年生长迟滞率整体接近于零,小学阶段超重肥胖流行率较高。研究结论:1)随着年份推移和年龄增长,2013-2016年上海市7-18岁儿童青少年的身高、体重、BMI和腰围均表现出继续增加趋势;2)随着年份推移,2013-2016年上海市7-18岁儿童青少年营养不良检出率呈逐年下降趋势,而超重肥胖检出率仍保持上升趋势;3)2013-2016年上海市7-18岁儿童青少年身高、体重、BMI和腰围生长发育水平和高峰期存在差异。
[Abstract]:Objective: Children's adolescent period is the key period of body development, and its physical development and nutritional status are in the stage of rapid growth and development, while the development stage is a dynamic change process, which has both stage and continuity and uneven development speed. Therefore, the change trend of physical development and nutritional status of children and adolescents is analyzed from the dynamic analysis angle, which is easy to grasp the characteristics of physical development and nutritional status of young children. This study was conducted to test the physical development indexes of children aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016, and collected relevant research data of physical development and nutritional status at home and abroad, aiming at understanding the dynamic trends and characteristics of physical development and nutritional status of adolescents in Shanghai, 2013-2016. In order to improve the health level of children and adolescents in Shanghai, the author also provides reference for the development of national students' physical health status. Methods: There were 9517 male and female students aged 7-18 years old in 11 primary and secondary schools in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016, including 2317 in 2013, 2,400 in 2014, 2400 in 2015 and 2400 in 2016. The body height, weight and waist circumference of the subjects were tested by physique test. The data were authentic and reliable, and the quality control standards were met. At the same time, the dynamic characteristics of height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, malnutrition rate and overweight and obesity rate of students aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed. Results: 1) In terms of physical development, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference increased with the increase of year and age. Overall, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference of boys aged 7-18 years in 2016 were higher than that of boys in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference of boys were significantly higher than those in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. There were significant differences (P0.01). Overall, the height and BMI development level of men and women aged 7-18 years from 2013 to 2016 were higher than the WHO height and BMI reference. 2) In terms of nutritional status, malnutrition rates tended to decline over the years, The prevalence of overweight and obesity showed an upward trend. The prevalence of malnutrition among boys aged 7-18 years in 2013-2016 was 10. 7%, 8. 1%, 10.2%, 7. 1%, and female students were 8. 5%, 6. 4%, 8. 6%, 4. 3%, respectively. The average rate of malnutrition in boys and girls in 2016 was significantly lower than that in 2013. The rate of growth retardation decreased by 0.3%, 0.4%, P0.01, respectively. The average obesity rate of boys aged 7-18 years in 2016 was significantly higher than that in 2013 (P0.05). The average obesity rate of girls in 2016 was significantly higher than that in 2013 (P0.01), from 3. 8% to 7. 3%, increasing by 3.5%, with statistical significance. Overall, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference growth rate of children aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were slower than before. There is a difference in the growth level and speed of each indicator. Overall, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference growth peak height of male students aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were in advance; the height, weight and BMI of female students were advanced in advance, and the peak height of waist and development during the peak period was postponed. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 7-18 in Shanghai in 2013-2016 was close to zero, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school was higher. Research conclusions: 1) With the increase of year and age, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference of children aged 7-18 years old in Shanghai in 2013-2016 showed a tendency to continue to increase; 2) Over the years, the prevalence rate of malnutrition among children aged 7-18 years in Shanghai in 2013-2016 was decreasing year by year. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity remained rising; 3) The height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference growth and development level and peak height of adolescents aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were different.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.49
[Abstract]:Objective: Children's adolescent period is the key period of body development, and its physical development and nutritional status are in the stage of rapid growth and development, while the development stage is a dynamic change process, which has both stage and continuity and uneven development speed. Therefore, the change trend of physical development and nutritional status of children and adolescents is analyzed from the dynamic analysis angle, which is easy to grasp the characteristics of physical development and nutritional status of young children. This study was conducted to test the physical development indexes of children aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016, and collected relevant research data of physical development and nutritional status at home and abroad, aiming at understanding the dynamic trends and characteristics of physical development and nutritional status of adolescents in Shanghai, 2013-2016. In order to improve the health level of children and adolescents in Shanghai, the author also provides reference for the development of national students' physical health status. Methods: There were 9517 male and female students aged 7-18 years old in 11 primary and secondary schools in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016, including 2317 in 2013, 2,400 in 2014, 2400 in 2015 and 2400 in 2016. The body height, weight and waist circumference of the subjects were tested by physique test. The data were authentic and reliable, and the quality control standards were met. At the same time, the dynamic characteristics of height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, malnutrition rate and overweight and obesity rate of students aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed. Results: 1) In terms of physical development, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference increased with the increase of year and age. Overall, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference of boys aged 7-18 years in 2016 were higher than that of boys in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference of boys were significantly higher than those in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. The height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference were higher than that of girls in 2013. There were significant differences (P0.01). Overall, the height and BMI development level of men and women aged 7-18 years from 2013 to 2016 were higher than the WHO height and BMI reference. 2) In terms of nutritional status, malnutrition rates tended to decline over the years, The prevalence of overweight and obesity showed an upward trend. The prevalence of malnutrition among boys aged 7-18 years in 2013-2016 was 10. 7%, 8. 1%, 10.2%, 7. 1%, and female students were 8. 5%, 6. 4%, 8. 6%, 4. 3%, respectively. The average rate of malnutrition in boys and girls in 2016 was significantly lower than that in 2013. The rate of growth retardation decreased by 0.3%, 0.4%, P0.01, respectively. The average obesity rate of boys aged 7-18 years in 2016 was significantly higher than that in 2013 (P0.05). The average obesity rate of girls in 2016 was significantly higher than that in 2013 (P0.01), from 3. 8% to 7. 3%, increasing by 3.5%, with statistical significance. Overall, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference growth rate of children aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were slower than before. There is a difference in the growth level and speed of each indicator. Overall, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference growth peak height of male students aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were in advance; the height, weight and BMI of female students were advanced in advance, and the peak height of waist and development during the peak period was postponed. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 7-18 in Shanghai in 2013-2016 was close to zero, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school was higher. Research conclusions: 1) With the increase of year and age, the height, body weight, BMI and waist circumference of children aged 7-18 years old in Shanghai in 2013-2016 showed a tendency to continue to increase; 2) Over the years, the prevalence rate of malnutrition among children aged 7-18 years in Shanghai in 2013-2016 was decreasing year by year. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity remained rising; 3) The height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference growth and development level and peak height of adolescents aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 were different.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.49
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