乒乓球运动员控球稳定性试验与理论研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 07:35

【摘要】：积分制是很多体育项目运动员最常用的排名方式,根据运动员所参加的比赛和获得名次大致可以反映运动员综合水平排名,但此排名还受某些偶然因素影响,如比赛中关键球的运气成分,因此运动员在某段时间内发挥稳定性与其排名可能有所差异,但对于重要赛事指定哪个运动员参加,教练则要综合考虑运动员近期的发挥状态,特别是发挥稳定性。针对乒乓球运动员控球稳定性无法定量描述的问题,通过自主设计的落点采集系统试验获得6名不同水平运动员接发球的落点数据,采用数理统计和分形理论方法分别计算落点的数学期望、方差、协方差、相关系数、Hurst指数和关联维数,并提出定量评估运动员控球稳定性的参数,即关联期望率。结果表明:数理统计和分形方法中的参数均不能单独衡量运动员控球稳定性;落点的Hurst指数均介于0.5~1.0之间,具有长程正相关性,符合分形特征;提出的关联期望率能较好地衡量运动员控球稳定性,值越大说明运动员控球越稳定。研究结果为量化乒乓球运动员的控球稳定性提供了理论基础和实现途径,同时也为教练根据不同技术特点的对手指派出战队员,此外,运动员本身还可根据自己控球的关联期望率来合理训练,以提高发挥的稳定性。
[Abstract]:The point system is the most commonly used ranking method for many athletes in sports. According to the competition in which the athletes take part and the ranking obtained, it can roughly reflect the overall level of the athletes, but the ranking is also affected by some accidental factors. If the key ball in the game is lucky, so the athlete's stability may be different from his ranking in a certain period of time, but for the important event, the coach should give a comprehensive consideration to the player's recent performance. Especially give play to stability. In view of the problem that the ball control stability of table tennis players can not be quantitatively described, the landing point data of 6 athletes at different levels were obtained by the self-designed landing point acquisition system test. The mathematical expectation, variance, covariance, correlation coefficient, Hurst exponent and correlation dimension were calculated by mathematical statistics and fractal theory, respectively. The results showed that the parameters in mathematical statistics and fractal methods could not measure the ball control stability of athletes separately, the Hurst exponents of the landing points were between 0. 5 and 1. 0, and had a long range positive correlation, which accorded with the fractal characteristics. The proposed correlation expectation rate can better measure the stability of the player's ball control, and the greater the value is, the more stable the player's control of the ball is. The results provide a theoretical basis and a way to realize the stability of ball control for table tennis players. At the same time, it also provides a way for coaches to appoint players according to different technical characteristics of opponents, in addition, Players themselves can also according to their own control of the associated expectation rate to reasonable training to improve the stability of play.
【作者单位】：上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院;上海体育学院中国乒乓球学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:51676131;51176129)
【分类号】：G846

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