石家庄市老年人太极拳活动现状与社区开展方案研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 20:48

【摘要】：太极拳作为中华民族传统的瑰宝,融合了中国的古典哲学和传统医学理论,集防身、健体、祛病、养生功效于一体。太极拳的动作缓慢柔和,为中低强度的有氧运动,练习后身体代谢机能不会产生激烈的变化,特别适合老年人这个特殊的群体用来进行健身锻炼。老年人参加适宜的太极拳运动,能够起到健身强体、延缓衰老的健身效果。随着我国城市建设的快速发展,社区成为了老年人退休后主要的居住、生活、活动、娱乐的场所和范围。以社区为单位,以社区老年人为活动的主体,以社区的自然环境为烘托,充分利用社区的活动场地组织太极拳锻炼活动,既能够为老年人健身、娱乐、交往提供极大的方便和满足,增进老年人健康,丰富老年人的业余文化生活;又能解决现存太极拳锻炼活动组织管理中存在的问题,促进太极拳活动健康长期发展。本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、特尔菲法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,通过对石家庄市600名老年人和12名社区锻炼活动的组织管理者进问卷调查,了解分析了石家庄市老年人太极拳活动现状并发现其中存在的问题,制定了一个以社区为单位开展太极拳锻炼活动的完整方案,为老年人太极拳锻炼科学化、系统化、规范化提供理论依据和实践指导。得出的结论如下:石家庄市老年人选择散步、健步走进行锻炼的人最多,其次是太极拳。以社区为单位推广太极拳有着较深的群众基础,符合大众健身的需要。参加太极拳健身老年人女性比例明显大于男性,出现男女失衡的状态,练习场所集中在广场和公园,练习形式多为辅导站练习站点进行组织练习,练习的主要动机为强身健体、预防治疗疾病、提高修养、缓解精神压力,学习渠道途径以向亲朋好友学习和多媒体视频学习为主,练习时间比较规律。以上的练习特点太极拳与其他项目的总体上趋于相似状态。不同的是,太极拳多集中在早晨,练习的内容以简化的太极拳套路为主,练习者的文化程度相当对其他项目来说偏高。石家庄市只有部分社区组织太极拳活动,而且缺乏统一系统的管理部分,具有松散性、区域性、数量少、小型化的特点。没有练习太极拳的老人主要是因为没有学习途径和无人指导的原因,超过80%的被调查老年人希望能够以社区为单位组织学习和练习太极拳,并希望社区能够为他们提供定期的技术指导和固定的练习场地。太极拳活动存在着组织管理体制不完善、太极拳指导员、教练员匮乏、经费短缺,活动场地供需不足、老年人对于太极拳的健身价值认识不足、缺少相应的控制机制等问题。针对石家庄市社区老年人太极拳活动中出现的问题,提出了以社区为单位开展太极拳活动的方案:设立市区人民政府、街道办事处、居委会和体育活动站点4个层次的组织管理机构;管理层由协会会长负责和专职办公室人员执行具体事务,活动层由活动站站长和社会体育指导员负责的人员配置;明确了人力资源管理、社区太极拳活动管理、场地场馆管理、经费管理等部门具体管理职能和方法。通过处理好社区太极拳组织与行政机构的关系,加强和完善社区太极拳管理制度和法规建设,制定社区太极拳的发展规划和工作计划,建立社区太极拳工作的奖励机制和约束机制等保障措施保障社区老年人太极拳活动顺利的进行。从组织管理、太极拳水平、老年人生活方式、老年人体质健康等方面对社区太极拳活动的工作进行评估,便于及时发现问题和差距并提出修改措施,保证方案的正确性和实效性,促进社区老年人太极拳活动的健康发展。
[Abstract]:As the traditional Chinese culture of the Chinese nation, Taijiquan combines Chinese classical philosophy and traditional Chinese medicine theory, integrates anti-body, anti-aging, disease-dispelling and health preserving effects. The exercise of Taijiquan is gentle and gentle, and is a low-intensity aerobic exercise. After practice, the body's metabolic function will not change violently, especially suitable for the special group of the old people to exercise the body-building. The old people participate in the appropriate Taijiquan exercise, can play a body-building strong body, and delay the body-building effect of aging. With the rapid development of urban construction in our country, the community has become the main residence, life, activity and entertainment place and scope of the old people after retirement. taking the community as a unit, taking the community as the main body, taking the natural environment of the community as the baking tray, fully utilizing the active site of the community to organize the Taijiquan exercise activity, thereby being capable of providing great convenience and satisfaction for the health, entertainment and communication of the elderly, improving the health of the elderly, enriching the amateur cultural life of the old people, solving the problems existing in the existing organization management of the existing Taijiquan exercise, and promoting the healthy and long-term development of Taijiquan activity. By using the methods of literature, questionnaire, Delphi, mathematical statistics and logic analysis, this paper makes a questionnaire survey of 600 senior citizens and 12 community training activities. To understand the present situation of Taijiquan activity in the elderly and find out the existing problems, a complete plan for carrying out Taijiquan exercise activities in community units has been developed, which provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for the scientific, systematic and standardization of Taijiquan exercise in the old people. The conclusion is as follows: the older people choose to take a walk, the healthy step is the most people who exercise, followed by the Taijiquan. Community-based Taijiquan has a deep foundation and meets the needs of mass-building. The proportion of women participating in Taijiquan exercise is obviously higher than that of men, and the imbalance between men and women occurs. The practice places are concentrated in the square and the park. The practice forms are organized in the practice site of the tutor station. The main motivation of the practice is to strengthen the body, prevent the treatment of diseases and improve the cultivation. Relieve mental pressure, learn channel ways to learn from family and friends and multimedia video, practice time comparison rule. The above practice features Taijiquan and other items generally tend to be similar. The difference is that Taijiquan is concentrated in the morning, the content of practice is the simplified Taijiquan routine, and the cultural level of the exerciser is quite high for other projects. Only part of the community organizes Taijiquan activities, but also lacks the management part of the unified system, and has the characteristics of loose, regional, small quantity and miniaturization. The older people who do not practice Taijiquan are mainly because there is no way of learning and no guidance, more than 80% of the people surveyed want to learn and practice Taijiquan in community-based organizations, and hope that the community can provide them with regular technical guidance and fixed range of practice. The activities of Taijiquan have problems such as imperfect organization management system, Taijiquan instructor, shortage of coaches, shortage of funds, insufficient supply and demand of active sites, insufficient awareness of the health value of Taijiquan, lack of corresponding control mechanism and so on. In view of the problems in Taijiquan activity in the old community, this paper puts forward a scheme to carry out the activities of Taijiquan in the community as the unit: the establishment of four levels of organization management organization of the people's government, the street office, the neighborhood committee and the sports activity site; The management shall be responsible to the President of the People's Republic of China and the full-time office personnel to carry out specific matters, and the active layer shall be staffed by the staff of the Station Master and the Social Sports Instructors of the mobile station; the management of human resources management, community Taijiquan activities and venue management shall be clearly defined. Specific management functions and methods of fund management and other departments. By dealing with the relationship between the community Taijiquan organization and the administrative agency, we should strengthen and improve the community's Taijiquan management system and regulation construction, and formulate the development plan and work plan of the community Taijiquan. To establish the incentive mechanism and restriction mechanism of community Taijiquan work to guarantee the success of Taijiquan activity in the community. From the aspects of organizational management, the level of Taijiquan, the way of life of the old people, the health of the old people's physique and so on, the work of the community Taijiquan activities should be evaluated, the problems and gaps can be found in time, and the modification measures should be put forward, so as to ensure the correctness and effectiveness of the scheme. To promote the healthy development of Taijiquan in the community.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G852.11

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