山东省体校学生“学训”结合状况及模式重构研究

发布时间：2018-11-03 13:48

【摘要】：随着竞技体育的发展,现在的体育比赛已是综合化的竞争,不但要求运动员体力好,还要求其运动技能、智力水平、心理能力、知识能力、及综合素质都要高,随着竞技体育的发展以及社会对竞技体育人才的需求,越来越需要培养出全面发展型竞技体育人才,然而就当下来看,制约着全面发展竞技体育人才培养的学训矛盾仍然存在。为了促进学训矛盾转化成学训互赢,使体校学生在拥有较高训练水平的同时还能具有一定的文化素养,本人选取了山东省体校学训结合全面发展模式重构作为研究选题。本文采用调查法、文献资料法、访谈法、数理统计法等多种研究方法,以山东省部分城市:青岛、济南、威海、枣庄、滨州、淄博、日照、东营、济宁、泰安、莱芜、菏泽12市体育运动学校的部分体校学生、文化课教师、教练员、以及管理人员作为调查对象,对山东省12市体校学训结合的现状进行分析。针对近年来体校学训结合存在的问题,探讨应对的办法,提出一个较新的改革模式,研究得出的结论如下:(1)山东省文化课教师中,中青年教师比例较大,以本科学历为主,初、中级职称居多,来源于师范院校占多半。(2)学生重训轻学,表现在对训练态度较为认真,参加训练比较积极,但对文化课学习的认识程度不高,大多数学生对文化课不感兴趣,出勤和听课都表现较差,学生课外基本不学习。大部分运动员每年参加比赛3-6次,占用了大量的学习时间,比赛和学习不能同时兼顾,影响了运动员掌握文化课知识。学校缺乏相应的思想教育和严格的考核管理,导致学生文化课成绩普遍不高。(3)教练员以培养金牌运动员为主,对运动员文化课学习关心相对不够,与文化课老师沟通较少。(4)学校只看重训练成绩,没有组织学生进行入学文化课考试。对学生文化课学习成绩奖励额度较低,大多数在100-200元之间。教师对教学大纲严格执行缺乏灵活性,无法结合运动员参赛状况具体实施,使比赛与文化课不能根据实际协调进行。(5)体校课程设置基本可以满足学生的文化课学习需求,但是课程科目开设的种类不齐全,体育基础理论课和技术课缺失现象严重。(6)各体育运动学校表面上按照国家有关政策执行学训结合,但实际上在体校管理措施中把运动训练管理、文化课教学管理,有机结合在一起。(7)体育部门为提高运动员训练水平和比赛取得好成绩,只重视专项能力培养,体育局和教育局在体校学训结合培养全面发展人才方面有待加强。(8)初步建立了山东省体校学生"学训"结合模式,包括:领导、教师、教练、学生、家长"五位一体"学训结合子模式;训练课、文化课、课外一体化学训结合子模式;比赛过程与文化辅导一体化学训结合子模式;学习成绩与参赛挂钩学训结合子模式;学习成绩、训练表现、参赛成绩综合评定学训结合子模式。
[Abstract]:With the development of competitive sports, the present sports competition is a comprehensive competition, which not only requires the athletes to have good physical strength, but also requires their sports skills, intellectual level, psychological ability, knowledge ability, and comprehensive quality to be high. With the development of competitive sports and the demand of the society for competitive sports talents, it is more and more necessary to cultivate the all-round development of competitive sports talents. However, at present, the contradiction of learning and training that restricts the all-round development of competitive sports talent training still exists. In order to promote the contradiction between learning and training to turn into mutual win of learning and training, so that the students of sports school have higher training level and have certain cultural accomplishment at the same time, I choose Shandong sports school combined with comprehensive development model reconstruction as the research topic. In this paper, some research methods, such as investigation, literature, interview, mathematical statistics and so on, are used to study some cities in Shandong Province: Qingdao, Jinan, Weihai, Zaozhuang, Binzhou, Zibo, Rizhao, Dongying, Jining, Tai'an, Laiwu, etc. Part of sports school students, culture teachers, coaches and managers in 12 sports schools in Heze were investigated, and the present situation of the combination of learning and training in 12 sports schools in Shandong Province was analyzed. In view of the problems existing in the combination of physical education and training in recent years, this paper discusses the countermeasures and puts forward a relatively new reform model. The conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) the proportion of young and middle-aged teachers in Shandong Province is relatively large. At the beginning of the year, the majority of the students came from normal colleges and universities. (2) the students pay more attention to training than to study, which is shown by their serious attitude towards training and active participation in training, but the level of understanding of cultural study is not high. Most students are not interested in cultural classes, attendance and attendance are poor, students do not learn after school. Most athletes take part in competitions 3-6 times a year, which takes up a lot of study time, and the competition and study can not be taken into account at the same time, which affects the athletes to master the knowledge of culture class. Due to the lack of corresponding ideological education and strict examination management, the students' achievement in cultural class is generally not high. (3) coaches focus on the training of gold-medal athletes, and they pay relatively little attention to the study of athletes' cultural lessons. Communication with culture teachers is less. (4) the school only values training results and does not organize students to take entrance examination. To the student culture class study achievement reward quota is low, most is in 100-200 yuan. The teachers lack flexibility to strictly implement the syllabus, and can not carry out the competition and culture courses according to the actual conditions of athletes' participation. (5) the curriculum of sports school can basically meet the needs of students' learning of cultural courses. However, the types of courses offered are not complete, and the lack of basic theory courses and technical courses of physical education is serious. (6) on the surface, all sports schools carry out the combination of learning and training in accordance with the relevant policies of the state. But in fact, in the management measures of sports school, the management of sports training and the management of culture teaching are combined organically. (7) in order to improve the training level of athletes and achieve good results in competitions, the sports departments only attach importance to the cultivation of special abilities. The sports bureau and the education bureau need to strengthen in the aspect of training the all-round development talented person in the sports school. (8) preliminarily established the Shandong Province sports school student "study training" the union pattern, including: the leadership, the teacher, the coach, the student, Parents "five-in-one" learning and training combined sub-model; Training class, culture class, extracurricular integration learning and training combination sub-model, competition process and cultural guidance integrated learning and training integration sub-model, learning results and participation in the combination of learning and training sub-model; Study achievement, training performance, competition performance comprehensive evaluation of learning and training combined with sub-model.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G807.7

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