我国优秀跆拳道运动员竞赛成败归因分析

发布时间：2018-11-12 08:04

【摘要】：跆拳道是时间限制下体重级别制的体技能主导类同场对抗类项群,本研究依据跆拳道的竞赛属性从性别、体重级别、训练年限三个方面对我国优秀跆拳道运动员竞赛成败归因进行研究,以2016年中国跆拳道队第五期集训队跆拳道队员44人为调查对象,采用问卷调查法和数理统计法,同时结合文献资料法和访谈法等研究方法,以实地问卷测量的方式对施测运动员进行了竞赛成败归因问卷测试,并对问卷的结果进行数理统计分析,通过研究数据分析我国优秀跆拳道运动员的竞赛成败归因的现状及特征,并提出建议。通过研究得出以下结论:1成功情景下:1)女运动员比男运动员更关注体能储备对比赛的影响,男运动员对赛场环境的适应能力优于女运动员;2)大级别跆拳道运动员因对手伤退而获得比赛胜利的情况多于小级别,大级别跆拳道运动员对赛场的适应能力要优于小级别运动员:3)训练年限短的跆拳道运动员更容易受到外界环境因素的影响,训练年限长的运动员对赛程安排适应力强。2失败情景下:1)女子跆拳道运动员在心态调整能力上不如男子运动员,女子运动员在比赛中更容易受心境的影响;2)体能储备因素对于大级别的跆拳道运动员在比赛中的技战术发挥影响更大,大级别跆拳运动员把握关键机会的能力比小级别运动员弱;3)训练年限越长的跆拳道运动员,他们的心态调整能力强,自身技战术发挥和关键机会把握能力越稳定,体能储备因素对训练年限长的运动员在比赛的影响大。3跆拳道技战术水平已经不再是影响我国优秀跆拳道运动员竞赛成败的最主要因素,而运动员临场的心理调控能力、赛中的专注力和意志品质则成为影响优秀运动员竞赛成败的关键,另外运动员的体能储备、把握关键机会能力、赛前准备等因素也对优秀跆拳道运动员竞赛成败有较大影响。4通过对优秀跆拳道运动员的不同性别、不同体重级别和不同训练年限三个层面的比较研究,得出我国优秀跆拳运动员的归因类型是做内部的、可控制的归因类型。针对研究结论,笔者结合实际情况,从跆拳道队伍的思想文化建设、跆拳道运动员日常学习训练、教练员训练安排等方面提出了归因训练常态化的建议,使跆拳道运动员对自己的训练竞赛进行科学客观的归因,更好进行下一阶段的参赛准备。并期待后续有学者能在跆拳竞赛归因研究中进一步探究跆拳道竞赛的过程归因和结果归因,进行更全面和深入的研究。
[Abstract]:Taekwondo is a class of physical skills dominated by weight level under time limit. According to the competitive attributes of Taekwondo, this study is based on gender, weight level, This paper studies the attribution of the success or failure of Chinese elite taekwondo athletes from three aspects of training years. Taking 44 Taekwondo players of the fifth session of the Chinese Taekwondo team in 2016 as the objects of investigation, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics are used. At the same time, combined with the methods of literature and interview, the author conducted the questionnaire to test the athletes' attribution of success or failure in the field questionnaire, and analyzed the results of the questionnaire by mathematical statistics. This paper analyzes the present situation and characteristics of Chinese elite taekwondo athletes' success or failure attribution through the research data, and puts forward some suggestions. The conclusions are as follows: 1) female athletes pay more attention to the influence of physical reserve on the competition than male athletes, and male athletes have better adaptability to the competition environment than female athletes; 2) the number of taekwondo athletes who win the match because of the injury and retreat of their opponent is more than that of the small level. The adaptability of large level taekwondo athletes to the field is better than that of small level athletes: 3) Taekwondo athletes with short training years are more vulnerable to the influence of external environmental factors. Athletes with long training years are more adaptable to the schedule arrangement. 2 under the situation of failure: 1) female taekwondo athletes are less able to adjust their mentality than male athletes, and women athletes are more susceptible to the influence of mood in the competition; 2) physical reserve factors have a greater influence on the skills and tactics of large level taekwondo athletes, and the ability of large level taekwondo athletes to grasp key opportunities is weaker than that of small level athletes; 3) the longer the Taekwondo athletes are trained, the more stable they have the ability to adjust their mentality, play their own skills and tactics, and grasp the key opportunities. Physical reserve factors have a great influence on athletes with long training years. 3 the level of taekwondo techniques and tactics is no longer the most important factor affecting the success or failure of elite Taekwondo athletes in our country. The quality of concentration and will in the competition becomes the key to the success or failure of the competition of outstanding athletes. In addition, the athletes' physical reserve and the ability to grasp the key opportunities are also the key factors that affect the success or failure of the competition. Factors such as pre-competition preparation also have a great impact on the success or failure of elite taekwondo athletes. 4 through the comparative study of three levels of elite taekwondo athletes, including different gender, different weight levels and different training years, It is concluded that the attribution type of Chinese elite taekwonders is internal and controllable. According to the conclusion of the research, the author puts forward some suggestions on the normalization of attribution training from the aspects of the ideological and cultural construction of Taekwondo team, the daily study training of taekwondo athletes, the training arrangement of coaches, and so on. Taekwondo athletes to their training competition scientific and objective attribution, better preparation for the next stage. And it is expected that some scholars can further explore the process attribution and result attribution of taekwondo competition in the study of taekwondo competition attribution and conduct a more comprehensive and in-depth study.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G886.9

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