我国两名优秀女子链球运动员投掷技术的运动学研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 10:02

【摘要】：目的:女子链球是我国田径的优势项目,涌现了一批优秀运动员,如2016年里约奥运会亚军得主张文秀,和现亚洲纪录保持者王峥。本文在比赛成绩较为相近的前提下,对张文秀、王峥两位运动员的投掷技术进行运动学分析,找出他们技术动作上的优势与存在的不足,使他们相互借鉴取长补短,为改进和完善投掷技术提供参考。方法:本文使用两部卡西欧EX-FH25高速摄像机,一部放置在投掷方向的正后面,另一部放置在垂直于投掷方向的正侧面,拍摄频率为120帧/S,主光轴夹角约90°,拍摄距离投掷圈中心约10米,摄像机离地面高度约1.2米,分别对张文秀2014年成都长投赛和王峥2014年北京国际挑战赛进行现场三维拍摄,从中选取张文秀74.77米的比赛素材和王峥74.71米的比赛素材,运用APAS运动解析软件对两位运动员的投掷技术进行运动学分析。结果:(1)完成整个投掷动作所用时间,王峥为2.233秒,张文秀为2.367秒。张文秀在第三圈旋转单双支撑用时分别为0.242秒、0.225秒,第四圈单双支撑用时分别为0.242秒、0.216秒。(2)根据王峥链球速度曲线图发现,在第二、第三、第四圈的旋转中最大速度出现在各圈单支撑阶段。张文秀、王峥第四圈的球速增量分别为1.67m/s、1.7m/s,两人第一圈球速增量分别为2.95m/s、2.27m/s。(3)王峥第一圈到第四圈链球运行轨迹的斜面角依次为29°、33°、39°、44°,出手角度为43°。张文秀在第二、第三、第四圈单支撑旋转阶段,右脚落地时刻,链球所处方位角分别为269°、257°、267°。(4)根据王峥左膝关节角度变化曲线图,发现她在旋转过程中左膝关节角度最大值出现在右脚离地之前。出手瞬间张文秀左右膝角分别为158°、148°,而王峥左右膝角为145°、124°。结论:(1)王峥在完成整个投掷动作所用时间与张文秀相比更短,反映出王峥动作速度快的特点。张文秀在旋转的第三圈和第四圈单双支撑时间结构不合理,影响了旋转节奏和链球的加速效果。(2)王峥在第二、第三、第四圈单支撑阶段,当链球运行至最高点位置时,有拉球发力的情况出现。张文秀、王峥第四圈的球速增量均小于第一圈增量,表现出对器械持续加速能力弱的特点。(3)王峥在第三圈和第四圈链球运行的轨迹斜面角变化不合理,直接影响到她的出手角度。张文秀在旋转中单支撑阶段右脚存在落地较慢的现象。(4)王峥右脚落地位置偏后,造成双支撑阶段左腿蹬伸不合理。出手瞬间王峥左右膝角,角度过小,说明最后用力阶段下肢蹬伸不充分。
[Abstract]:Objective: women's chain tennis is a dominant event in track and field in China. A group of outstanding athletes have emerged, such as Zhang Wenxiu, runner-up of the 2016 Rio Olympics, and Wang Zheng, the current Asian record holder. On the premise of similar results, this paper analyzes the throwing techniques of Zhang Wenxiu and Wang Zheng in order to find out the advantages and disadvantages of their technical movements, so that they can learn from each other and complement each other. It provides a reference for improving and perfecting the throwing technique. Methods: two Casio EX-FH25 high-speed cameras were used in this paper. One was placed directly behind the throwing direction and the other was placed on the front side perpendicular to the throwing direction. The shooting frequency was 120frame / S, and the angle of the main optical axis was about 90 掳. The shooting distance was about 10 meters from the center of the throwing ring and the camera was about 1.2 meters above the ground. Three dimensional photos were taken of Zhang Wenxiu's 2014 long throw in Chengdu and Wang Zheng's 2014 Beijing International Challenge, respectively. This paper selects the material of Zhang Wenxiu 74.77 meters and Wang Zheng 74.71 meters to analyze the throwing technique of the two athletes by using APAS software. Results: (1) the time to complete the throwing was 2.233 seconds for Wang Zheng and 2.367 seconds for Zhang Wenxiu. Zhang Wenxiu took 0.242 seconds and 0.225 seconds to rotate single and double support in the third lap, 0.242 seconds and 0.216 seconds for the fourth circle, respectively. (2) according to Wang Zheng's chain velocity curve, in the second and third, The maximum speed of the fourth rotation occurs at the single support stage of each cycle. Zhang Wenxiu and Wang Zheng increased the ball speed by 1.67 m / s and 1.7 m / s respectively in the fourth lap, and the first lap increased by 2.95 m / s, respectively. 2.27m / s. (3) the angle of inclined plane of the trajectory of Wang Zheng from the first circle to the fourth circle is 29 掳, 33 掳, 39 掳, 44 掳, and the angle of release is 43 掳. Zhang Wenxiu was in the second, third, and fourth lap at the stage of single-support rotation. When the right foot landed, the azimuth angles of the chain ball were 269 掳, 257 掳, 267 掳respectively. (4) according to Wang Zheng's curve of angle change of the left knee joint, It was found that the maximum angle of the left knee appeared before the right foot left the ground during the rotation. Zhang Wenxiu's right and left knee angles were 158 掳, 148 掳, respectively, while Wang Zheng's were 145 掳and 124 掳. Conclusion: (1) compared with Zhang Wenxiu, Wang Zheng's time to complete the whole throwing movement is shorter than that of Zhang Wenxiu, which reflects the characteristics of Wang Zheng's rapid movement. Zhang Wenxiu had an unreasonable time structure of single and double support in the third and fourth laps of rotation, which affected the rhythm of rotation and the acceleration effect of the chain ball. (2) Wang Zheng was in the second, third, and fourth lap in the single support stage, when the chain ball was running to the highest point. There is a pull of the ball to force the situation. Zhang Wenxiu and Wang Zheng's increment of ball speed in the fourth lap were all smaller than those in the first circle, showing a weak ability to continuously accelerate the apparatus. (3) Wang Zheng's trajectory diagonal angle in the third and fourth circles of the chain ball was not reasonable. It has a direct impact on her angle of action. Zhang Wenxiu had the phenomenon that the right foot fell slowly in the single support stage of rotation. (4) after Wang Zheng's right foot fell to the ground, it was unreasonable to extend the left leg in the double support stage. At the moment of hand, Wang Zheng left and right knee angle, angle too small, indicating that the last stage of the strength of the lower extremity is not sufficient.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G824.4

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