我国优秀青年女子竞走运动员竞走技术的运动学分析

发布时间：2018-11-16 10:35

【摘要】：近年来我国田径项目成绩不断提高,随着科学技术、训练方法的不断发展,竞走项目也取得了优异的成绩。并且涌现出一大批优秀的青年运动员,青年运动员作为项目发展的后备人才也受到了很大的重视。竞走运动员的培养周期长,一名优秀运动员则需要经历多年的科学和刻苦的训练。运动员在青年阶段的竞走技术对成年以后的成绩具有很大的影响,所以在这个时期培养好其良好的技术动作就显得尤为关键。本研究通过对在2016年3月安徽黄山举行的“全国竞走大奖赛暨奥运会选拔赛”中的六名优秀青年组女子运动员作为本文研究的对象,采用测试法通过现场拍摄二维技术录像,并运用Dartfish8.0图像处理软件进行技术分析,之后针对竞走运动员保证完成比赛和影响成绩的技术指标这两方面来进行对比研究,具体对竞走运动员在比赛中一个复步阶段的步长、步频、着地和蹬地阶段各关节的夹角等技术指标进行具体分析。通过对国内优秀的青年竞走运动员的技术进行全方面的运动学分析,以期找出国内优秀青年运动员在技术方面具有的特点和共性。同时,充实我国竞走项目的理论体系,为我国青年竞走运动员的技术和训练达到高水平提供一些参考性指标和部分建议。结论1.我国优秀青年女子竞走运动员腾空时间相对合理,单步步长与身高比值较为理想,单支撑阶段支撑腿都相应的出现“反弓”现象,由此说明我国优秀青年女子竞走运动员在保证完成比赛的技术指标上较为理想。2.我国优秀青年女子竞走运动员在重心点的垂直位移需要进一步改进,个别技术环节关节角度不合理,都存在某单一技术指标环节与一流运动员有较大差异的现象,整个技术动作不均衡、不细腻,各技术动作之间没有得到很好的平衡。3.我国优秀青年女子竞走运动员平均步长为(左)1.105±0.02m、(右)1.105±0.03m,步频197步/min,一个复步重心点的垂直起伏为6.13±0.66cm,腾空时间为(左)44.5±7.12ms、(右)44.83±5.67ms,单支撑膝关节角度为(左)185.45±2.941°、(右)184.07±2.953°。4.我国优秀青年女子竞走运动员与世界一流水平的运动员相比较,其步频相差较大。国内优秀青年女子竞走运动员行进间在着地和蹬地瞬间脚掌与地面的夹角也相对世界高水平运动员存在一定的差距。双支撑时两腿之间夹角角度不够大,髋关节的转动幅度不大,灵活性相对较差。上肢的摆动幅度还不够充分,部分运动员存在横摆的情况。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology and training methods, the track and field events of our country have made outstanding achievements in recent years. And a large number of outstanding young athletes emerged, young athletes as a reserve for the development of the project also received a great deal of attention. Walking athletes have a long training period, while an excellent athlete needs years of science and hard training. Athletes in the young stage of walking technology has a great impact on adult performance, so in this period, it is particularly critical to train their good technical movements. In this study, six elite young women athletes in the National Race Walking Grand Prix and Olympic Trials held in Huangshan, Anhui Province, in March 2016, were selected as the objects of this study, and two dimensional technical video recordings were taken on the spot by testing method. Dartfish8.0 image processing software is used for technical analysis, and then a comparative study is carried out on the two aspects of the race athletes' guarantee to complete the competition and the technical indicators that affect the performance. This paper concretely analyzes the technical indexes such as step length, step frequency, the angle between joints in the landing and pedal stage of the race walkers in one step stage of the race. Based on the kinematics analysis of the outstanding young walking athletes in China, the author hopes to find out the characteristics and commonness of the outstanding young athletes in the field of technology. At the same time, it enriches the theoretical system of our country's walking events, and provides some reference indexes and some suggestions for the Chinese young athletes' technique and training to reach the high level. Conclusion 1. The flight time of Chinese outstanding young women race walkers is relatively reasonable, the ratio of single step length to height is ideal, and the "reverse bow" phenomenon appears in the support leg of single support stage. This shows that China's outstanding young women walking athletes in the technical indicators to ensure the completion of the competition is more ideal. 2. The vertical displacement of the center of gravity of the elite young women walking athletes in our country needs to be further improved. The joint angle of individual technical links is unreasonable, and there is a phenomenon that there is a great difference between the single technical index link and the first-rate athletes. The whole technical action is not balanced, not delicate, each technical action does not get very good balance. 3. The average step length of Chinese elite young women walkers is (left) 1.105 卤0.02m, (right) 1.105 卤0.03m. the vertical fluctuation of step frequency 197step / min, is 6.13 卤0.66cm, and the time of emptying is (left) 44.5 卤7.12ms. The angle of single braced knee joint was (left) 185.45 卤2.941 掳, (right) 184.07 卤2.953 掳. Compared with the top-class athletes in the world, the stride frequency of the outstanding young women walking athletes in our country is quite different. There is also a certain gap between the angle between the soles and the ground between the foot and the ground between the Chinese outstanding young women walking athletes and the high level athletes in the world. The angle between the legs is not big enough, the rotation range of hip joint is not large, and the flexibility is relatively poor. The swing amplitude of the upper limb is not enough, some athletes have the situation of yaw.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G821

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