中外优秀艺术体操个人项目运动员身体难度编排特征的研究

发布时间：2018-11-20 05:41

【摘要】：在2013年世界艺术体操锦标赛上,我国运动员邓森悦取得了个人全能第四名的好成绩。在2014年世界艺术体操锦标赛上,邓森悦依旧表现不俗,获得了个人全能第五名。在欣喜之余,我们也应认识到,要想获得艺术体操项目的稳定发展并实现个人项目的巨大突破,新颖独特的成套动作编排、高规格的难度动作完成、音乐与动作的完美结合以及运动员丰富的表现力是关键。本研究运用文献资料法、调查法、录像分析法及数理统计法,对近两个奥运周期中,中外优秀艺术体操个人项目运动员成套动作身体难度编排特征进行了研究。主要研究结果表明：1.近三版评分规则中,跳步类和平衡类难度动作占身体难度动作总量的比例较大,转体类难度动作数量在2013版规则中明显增加；跳跃类难度主要分布在0.3-0.5分值处,转体类难度主要集中在0.5-0.8分值处,2009版规则中平衡类难度随分值逐渐增大,动作数量逐渐减少,2013版规则中随分值逐渐提高,动作数量逐渐增加；2013版评分规则将部分柔韧与波浪类难度归入到了旋转与平衡类难度中,分别占据了旋转类难度总数的30.2%,平衡类难度总数的24.4%。2.两个奥运周期中,中外运动员选用最多的动作类型均为单个难度,其次为复合难度,混合难度选用最少,但三者之间的数量差逐年减小。3.2012奥运周期,国外运动员单个跳步类难度动作分值高于我国运动员,而2016奥运周期我国运动员明显高于国外运动员。两个奥运周期中,国外运动员均重视多周数的旋转,而我国运动员更重视选用高难度的旋转舞姿。在平衡类难度动作使用频次、类型及分值上,我国运动员均高于国外运动员。4.2016奥运周期较2012奥运周期而言,中外运动员器械技术选用类型明显增加,但均未选用器械其他技术组特定动作。2016奥运周期,在圈操与球操中,国外运动员器械基本技术组动作选用数量多于我国运动员,而在棒操与带操中,我国运动员多于国外运动员。5.我国运动员成套动作存在着身体难度动作与音乐旋律配合不协调,动作间连贯性差的现象。在场地的充分利用及舞台效果方面,我国运动员不能充分利用三层次空间,也缺少动静和谐之美,在身体表现力方面也尚有不足。
[Abstract]:In the 2013 World rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, Chinese athlete Deng Senyue finished fourth in the individual all-round. In the 2014 World rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, Deng Senyue still did well, winning the fifth overall individual. In addition to our joy, we should also realize that in order to achieve the steady development of the rhythmic gymnastics project and to achieve a huge breakthrough in individual events, novel and unique sets of movements are arranged, and high specifications of difficult movements are completed. The perfect combination of music and action and the rich expressiveness of athletes are the key. Based on the methods of literature, investigation, video analysis and mathematical statistics, this study studied the physical difficulty arrangement characteristics of Chinese and foreign elite rhythmic gymnastics individual athletes in the last two Olympic Games. The main results are as follows: 1. In the recent three versions of the scoring rules, the proportion of jump and balance difficulty movements in the total body difficulty movement is larger, and the number of the rotation difficulty action is obviously increased in the 2013 edition rule. The difficulty of jumping class is mainly distributed at 0.3-0.5, and the difficulty of turning class is mainly concentrated at 0.5-0.8. The difficulty of balance class increases gradually with the score of 2009 edition, and the number of actions decreases gradually. In the 2013 edition rule, the number of actions increases with the increase of score. The 2013 score rule classifies some flexibility and wave difficulty into rotation and balance difficulty, accounting for 30.2% of the total difficulty of rotation class and 24.44.2% of the total difficulty of balance class respectively. In the two Olympic cycles, Chinese and foreign athletes choose the most types of movements for the single difficulty, followed by the complex difficulty, and the least mixed difficulty, but the number difference between the three is decreasing year by year. 3.2012 Olympic cycle, The score of individual leapfrogging difficulty of foreign athletes is higher than that of Chinese athletes, while that of Chinese athletes in 2016 Olympic period is obviously higher than that of foreign athletes. In the two Olympic cycles, foreign athletes attach importance to the rotation of the number of weeks, while Chinese athletes pay more attention to the selection of difficult rotation dance. In terms of the frequency, type and score of balanced difficulty movements, Chinese athletes are higher than foreign athletes. The 4.2016 Olympic cycle is significantly higher than that of the 2012 Olympic cycle, and the choice type of equipment technology of Chinese and foreign athletes is obviously increased. In the 2016 Olympic cycle, the number of basic technical group movements of foreign athletes was more than that of Chinese athletes, while in the rod-and belt gymnastics, the number of basic technical group movements of foreign athletes was higher than that of Chinese athletes. The number of Chinese athletes is more than that of foreign athletes. There exists the phenomenon that the body difficulty movement and the music melody are not in harmony and the coherence between the movements is poor. In terms of the full use of the venue and the stage effect, our athletes can not make full use of the three-level space, also lack of the beauty of harmony of movement and movement, and also lack of physical performance.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G834

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