吉林省举重运动员皮肤电情感识别与调节策略的研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 15:23

【摘要】：举重是一项高强度、高压力和高危险性的运动项目;运动员和教练员会在赛前准备好参加比赛的级别,往往会进行迫降体重,甚至会减重5公斤以上,这对运动员的生理会带来很大的影响,而生理上的影响必定会带来心理上的变化;就举重的特点而言,运动员从拉铃开始至将杠铃举过头顶只有短短的几秒钟时间,而在这几秒钟时间当中运动员所对抗的往往是上百公斤的重量,其难度、心理压力和危险程度可想而知;本文以吉林省举重运动员为实验对象,分为不同性别、不同运动年限、不同运动等级来通过唤醒运动员特定的情感,并使用皮肤电这种生理信号和PAD三维情感状态模型来对运动员的情感进行了主客观评价。通过主观和客观的评价,来了解到运动员真实的情感状态,目的在于能够制定切实可行的调节策略,经过本文研究,为日常的心理训练和保持运动员稳定、适宜的情感状态提供理论参考。研究发现不同性别的运动员在悲伤、恐惧、愤怒这三种情感中的皮肤电信号和PAD三维情感状态呈显著差异;运动年限较短的运动员皮肤电信号变化频率较快多处于峰值水平,而运动年限相对较长的运动员其皮肤电信号变化规律符合其情感的特点,但是对于情感唤醒的程度和被试体验的强度相对较低;不同运动等级的运动员的悲伤、恐惧、愤怒等情感在皮肤电信号和PAD三维情感状态中所表现的有着显著差异。其中二级运动员在悲伤、恐惧和愤怒这三种情感中皮肤电所呈现的是信号变化频率相对较快、幅度和所保持高峰值时间较长,同样获得到PAD情感状态的数据也显示在这三种情感中无论是愉悦度、激活度和优势度也都存在着显著差异;运动等级较低的运动员大多数在年龄上也会处于较小和青春期这个阶段,与运动年限有着一定的关系,更重要的是其阅历和所经历过的重大赛事较少,而运动等级较高的运动员情感处于成熟期。另一方面GROSS等人提出在情感发生的不同阶段会有不同的调节方式,以此观点提出了情感调节过程的模型。通过GROSS情感调节过程模型可以知道情感调节可以分为先行关注调节策略和反应抑制调节策略,也叫做认知重评和表达抑制;这两种调节策略是最为有效的节策略,虽然能够很好的降低负面情感带来的体验,但是两种调节策略所带来的后续反应也不同,认知重评可以很好的降低负面情感所带来的体验,并且不会带来强烈的生理反应,其局限性就是需要调节者具备一定的认知水平;而表达抑制虽然能够很好降低情感所带来的体验,但是其生理反应会加强,而没有认知水平的局限性。
[Abstract]:Weightlifting is a high-intensity, high-stress and high-risk sport; Athletes and coaches will be ready to participate in the competition before the competition level, will often be forced to drop weight, or even lose more than 5 kilograms, this will have a great impact on the athlete's physiology, And the physiological influence will certainly bring the psychological change; In terms of weightlifting characteristics, athletes only have a few seconds from the start of ringing the bell to lifting the barbell over their head, and in these seconds they often confront hundreds of kilograms of weight, which is difficult. The degree of psychological stress and danger can be imagined; This article takes Jilin Province weightlifter as the experimental object, divides into different gender, different sports years, different sports grade to awaken the athlete's specific emotion, The physiological signal of skin electricity and PAD three-dimensional emotional state model were used to evaluate the athletes' emotion objectively and subjectively. Through subjective and objective evaluation to understand the true emotional state of athletes, the purpose is to be able to formulate practical adjustment strategies, through this study, for the daily psychological training and maintain athletes stability, Appropriate emotional state provides theoretical reference. The study found that there were significant differences between the three emotions of sadness, fear and anger between the athletes of different genders and the three-dimensional emotional state of PAD. The change frequency of skin electrical signals of athletes with shorter exercise years is at the peak level more quickly, while that of athletes with relatively long exercise years accords with the characteristics of their emotions. However, the degree of emotional arousal and the intensity of subjects' experience are relatively low. The emotion of sadness, fear, anger and so on in athletes of different sports levels showed significant differences in the three dimensional emotional state of PAD and the electrical signal of the skin. Among them, in the three emotions of sadness, fear and anger, the skin electricity of the second-level athletes showed that the signal frequency changed relatively quickly, the amplitude and the duration of the high peak value remained longer, The same data obtained from the PAD emotional state also showed that there were significant differences in the degree of pleasure, activation and dominance among the three emotions. Most of the athletes with a lower level of sports will also be in the younger and younger stages of adolescence, which is related to their sports years and, more importantly, their experience and experience of major events. The athletes with higher sports grade are in the mature stage. On the other hand, GROSS et al put forward a model of emotional regulation process. Through the GROSS emotional regulation process model, we can know that emotional regulation can be divided into first focus regulation strategy and response inhibition regulation strategy, also known as cognitive re-evaluation and expression inhibition; These two regulation strategies are the most effective strategies, although they can reduce the negative emotional experience, but the two strategies bring about different follow-up reactions. Cognitive reassessment can reduce the experience brought by negative emotion very well, and does not bring strong physiological reaction, its limitation is that the person who needs to adjust has certain cognitive level; Expression inhibition can reduce the experience of emotion, but its physiological response will be strengthened without the limitation of cognitive level.
【学位授予单位】：吉林体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G884

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