对脑瘫青少年下肢柔韧性训练的运动生物力学研究
发布时间：2018-12-08 13:50
【摘要】：脑瘫是一种严重危害婴幼儿的中枢性疾病。一般分为新生儿期、幼儿期、青少年期以及成年期,脑瘫在不同时期有不同的表现,在新生儿及幼儿期,主要表现在面部表情和动作上反应迟钝,关节伸缩僵硬,共济失调。由于初始状态表现不明显,常常被忽略,错过康复治疗的最佳时机,如果当脑瘫患者在婴幼儿时期,没有得到及时的手术治疗和康复训练的话,等长到青少年时期这种姿势异常和运动障碍就更加的明显,这会严重影响脑瘫青少年的生活质量,所以对脑瘫青少年进行有针对性的运动干预显得尤为重要。脑瘫患者大多都有步行障碍,正常人步行时并不需要思考,而是由大脑支配的下意识活动,因为脑瘫有中枢性的脑损伤,所以其步行就变的不那么简单,走路姿势出现异常,包括剪刀步走路姿势,公鸡步走路姿势,鸭行步走路姿势,跳跃步姿势等。本文选取5名脑瘫青少年(粗大功能分级为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级)为实验对象,通过运动学和压力平板两种方法,对脑瘫患者进行下肢柔韧性运动干预前后的步态各项参数进行对比研究,对其后续的教育和康复提供帮助。本实验共分三步。第一步:下肢柔韧训练前对5名脑瘫青少年患者的运动学和足底总压强各个数据进行采集、提取和分析。第二步:对测试对象进行下肢柔韧训练,时间为3个月。第三步:柔韧训练后,对其测试的脑瘫学生进行运动生物力学各参数的提取和分析,验证柔韧训练对其步态有无改善。柔韧训练后,脑瘫受试者的步态周期、摆动期比训练前都有不同程度的缩短,而且其柔韧训练后的摆动期、单支撑期与训练前均具有显著性差异,与正常青少年无显著性差异,脑瘫受试者的左、右步长,左、右步向角都在其自身的基础上有所改善,脑瘫受试者训练前重患侧下肢膝角-大腿角、膝角-小腿角在形状上与正常青少年的相差很大,在训练后前者近似左小括号“(”、后者近似反写的“9”,均朝着正常青少年的角-角图形状趋近。脑瘫受试者柔韧性训练前左、右患侧下肢支撑时足底7个分区总压强雷达图形状与正常青少年的相差很大,在训练后近似向左倾斜的“8”,与正常青少年的雷达图形状靠近,且进一步计算Kendall’s W协同系数经训练后得到较大提高,说明对踝关节的柔韧性训练可促进脑瘫青少年重患侧下肢支撑时足底压力分布的合理性。提倡在对脑瘫患者进行康复治疗时,除了进行力量练习、灵敏练习,还要进行柔韧素质的练习,特别是针对下肢的柔韧练习不能忽视,要注重下肢三大关节的康复矫正,如果能配合专业的脑瘫康复仪器训练,效果会更好,在练习中要保护好脑瘫患者的安全,不能使其受伤,在练习后要对脑瘫青少年进行必要的拉伸放松和按摩处理,这样会减少肌肉因在训练中造成的紧张和痉挛。
[Abstract]:Cerebral palsy is a kind of central disease that seriously endangers infants. Generally divided into neonatal period, early childhood, adolescence and adulthood, cerebral palsy in different periods have different manifestations, in the newborn and early childhood, mainly in the facial expression and movement on the slow response, joint expansion and stiffness, ataxia. Because the initial state is not obvious and is often ignored, the best time for rehabilitation is missed if the child with cerebral palsy is not given timely surgical treatment and rehabilitation training. This kind of posture abnormality and motor disorder are more obvious in the adolescence, which will seriously affect the quality of life of the cerebral palsy teenagers, so it is very important to carry on the targeted movement intervention to the cerebral palsy youth. Most patients with cerebral palsy have walking disorders. Normal people do not need to think about walking, but rather subconscious activities controlled by the brain. Because cerebral palsy has central brain damage, its walking is not so simple, and its walking posture is abnormal. Including scissors walking, rooster walking, duck walking, jumping, etc. In this paper, five adolescents with cerebral palsy (grade 鈪，
本文编号：2368468
[Abstract]:Cerebral palsy is a kind of central disease that seriously endangers infants. Generally divided into neonatal period, early childhood, adolescence and adulthood, cerebral palsy in different periods have different manifestations, in the newborn and early childhood, mainly in the facial expression and movement on the slow response, joint expansion and stiffness, ataxia. Because the initial state is not obvious and is often ignored, the best time for rehabilitation is missed if the child with cerebral palsy is not given timely surgical treatment and rehabilitation training. This kind of posture abnormality and motor disorder are more obvious in the adolescence, which will seriously affect the quality of life of the cerebral palsy teenagers, so it is very important to carry on the targeted movement intervention to the cerebral palsy youth. Most patients with cerebral palsy have walking disorders. Normal people do not need to think about walking, but rather subconscious activities controlled by the brain. Because cerebral palsy has central brain damage, its walking is not so simple, and its walking posture is abnormal. Including scissors walking, rooster walking, duck walking, jumping, etc. In this paper, five adolescents with cerebral palsy (grade 鈪，
本文编号：2368468
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