大学生不良步态的生物力学特征及影响因素

发布时间：2018-12-11 08:08

【摘要】：对大学生不良步态生物力学特征及影响因素进行研究,为揭示在校大学生群体步态特点,探讨内八步态形成的生物力学因素及机制,和防治内八步态及其他不良步态的相关研究提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)大学生的步向角度为(7.5±8.4)°,内八步态发生率为28%,外八步态发生率为27%;步态特点性别差异非常显著,主要表现在步向角均值、内外八步发生率及左右不对称比例。(2)着地时相,正常步态足底压力中心速率最大,内八步态最小,外八步态介于中间;支撑阶段,正常步态足底压力中心速率较为均衡,波峰出现在足支撑阶段50%位置,内八和外八步态足底压力中心速率峰值较大,出现在足支撑阶段65%位置。(3)内八步态踝关节内旋、外旋肌力较正常步态弱,内旋与外旋肌力比值高于正常步态;外八步态内外旋肌力比值显著低于正常步态。(4)30(°)/s和120(°)/s两种角速度内旋与外旋平均力矩比值与步向角度呈弱负相关,且具有显著性。(5)内八和外八步FMS评分(14.5和13.4)显著低于正常步态者(16.9分)。(6)内八步态动态平衡稳定性较正常步态差,且具非常显著性;外八步态者动态平衡稳定性与正常步态相近。研究表明:(1)大学生步态性别差异具有非常显著性。结合前期儿童内八步态研究结果认为:在不进行干预的情况下,内八步态不会随着身体的发育而自然消失。(2)大学生内八步态的足底压力中心分布不合理,相比正常步态有压力后移趋势,不能有效利用足弓的缓冲作用,着地时足跟处受到更大的压力,离地时支撑点不能移到大拇趾处而获得理想的蹬地效果,外八步态与正常步态在足底压力中心分布上无显著性差异。(3)大学生内八步态是多方面生物力学因素所造成的,包括人体运动链存在薄弱环节较多、本体感觉较差、下肢肌肉力量弱及下肢关节旋外灵活性差等。(4)外八步态的形成原因,并非简单的与内八步态相反,而是有其独特的生物力学机制,有待于更多研究进行探讨。
[Abstract]:The biomechanical characteristics and influencing factors of college students' unhealthy gait were studied. In order to reveal the characteristics of college students' gait, the biomechanical factors and mechanism of the formation of inner eight gait were discussed. And to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of internal eight gait and other abnormal gait. The results showed that: (1) the walking angle of college students was (7.5 卤8.4) 掳, the incidence of inner eight gait was 28, and that of outer eight gait was 27; The gender differences in gait characteristics were significant, mainly manifested in the average angle of gait, the incidence of eight internal and external steps and the asymmetrical ratio of left and right. (2) in the landing phase, the normal gait had the largest pressure center rate on the plantar, and the inner eight gait was the smallest. The outer eight gait is in the middle; In the support stage, the normal gait pressure center rate was more balanced, the peak appeared in 50% position in the foot support stage, and the peak rate of the plantar pressure center in the inner eight and outside eight gait was higher than that in the inner and outer eight gait. It appeared in 65% position of foot support stage. (3) the internal rotation and external rotation of ankle were weaker than those of normal gait, and the ratio of internal rotation to external rotation was higher than that of normal gait. The ratio of internal and external rotation force in eight gaits was significantly lower than that in normal gait. (4) the ratio of internal and external rotation mean torque of 30 (掳) / s and 120 (掳) / s angular velocities was negatively correlated with the walking angle. (5) the FMS scores of the inner and outer eight steps (14. 5 and 13. 4) were significantly lower than those of the normal gait (16. 9). (6) and the stability of the eight gait dynamic equilibrium was significantly lower than that of the normal gait. The stability of the dynamic equilibrium of the outer eight gait is similar to that of the normal gait. The results show that: (1) the gender difference in gait of college students is very significant. Combined with the results of the previous study on the internal eight gait of children, it was concluded that without intervention, the inner eight gait would not disappear naturally with the development of the body. (2) the distribution of plantar pressure centers in the inner eight gait of college students was unreasonable. Compared with the normal gait, there is a tendency of pressure backward movement, which can not effectively use the cushion of the arch, the heel is under greater pressure when landing, and the support point when off the ground cannot be moved to the big toe to obtain the ideal effect of pedaling. There was no significant difference between the outer eight gait and the normal gait in the distribution of plantar pressure center. (3) the eight gait in college students was caused by many biomechanical factors, including more weak links in human motor chain and poor proprioception. (4) the formation of external eight gait is not simply opposite to the inner eight gait, but has its unique biomechanical mechanism, which needs more research.
【作者单位】：华南师范大学体育科学学院;
【基金】：2015年广东省教育教学(高等教育)成果奖培育项目(20140345) 2015年度校级质量工程建设项目教学团队(20150505) 2016年校级“质量工程”建设项目(20160201) 儿童青少年身体运动功能训练研究(20161307)
【分类号】：G804.6

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