女足运动员预防ACL损伤的体能训练方法研究

发布时间：2018-12-24 09:31

【摘要】：足球,有“世界第一运动”的美誉,是全球体育界最具影响力的单项体育运动。女子足球也一直在蓬勃发展中。山东省U-18女足也是这样一直逐步发展的青年足球队,是中国U-18女足的后备力量。但是,由于足球运动的特殊性,运动员往往需要进行急停跳跃、起跳落地、突然变向转身及侧切等动作。然而这些动作在训练、比赛过程中很容易造成膝关节前十字韧带(ACL)的损伤。研究证明女足球运动员相比于男足运动员,在生理特征、肌肉力量等诸多内部外部因素的影响下,其ACL的损伤发生率要比男性足球运动员高很多。正因为如此,以山东省U-18女足为研究实践对象,实地了解女足队员的ACL损伤情况后,针对女足队员的实际情况,制订了一套针对山东U-18女足运动员的ACL损伤预防体能训练方案。按照减少运动损伤第一,提高运动表现第二的体能训练原则,将进阶式的技术训练内容作为准备活动的一部分来改善了运动员的落地、侧切技术动作的动作模式,并科学的将技术训练的内容进阶到神经肌肉的训练环节,即有效避免了因训练所带来的损伤风险又增强了山东U-18女足运动员的下肢神经肌肉控制能力,在球队力量训练中设计了针对女足运动员乆绳肌肌力的辅助性的力量训练内容,来增强对前十字交叉韧带具有代偿功能的乆绳肌肌肉力量。最后在球队训练及比赛后的整理放松环节加入针对我们的辅助训练方案中的主要发力肌群臀肌、乆绳肌、内收肌以及髋部等肌肉的拉伸放松。经过对本套预防山东省U-18女足运动员前十字交叉韧带损伤训练方案为其一年的运用,采用本套体能训练方案的28名山东U-18女足队员在本赛季的训练比赛中落地、侧切技术动作明显改善,并且通过数据证明队员们的本赛季训练后乆绳肌肌力有了显著增强。截止到笔者离队,球队本赛季ACL损伤率相比前几个赛季的损伤率有明显降低,证明本套预防ACL损伤的体能训练方案的有效性。最后对本套训练方案的进行了总结,对不足之处提出了几点建议。
[Abstract]:Football, the world's first sport, is one of the most influential individual sports in the world. Women's football has also been booming. Shandong U-18 women's football team is also a young football team which has been developing step by step, and is the reserve force of China's U-18 women's football team. However, due to the particularity of football, athletes often need to jump, take off and land, suddenly turn around and cut sideways. However, during training and competition, these movements can easily cause (ACL) injury to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. It is proved that the incidence of ACL injury of female footballers is much higher than that of male footballers under the influence of many internal and external factors, such as physiological characteristics, muscle strength and so on. Because of this, taking Shandong U-18 women's soccer team as the research practice object, after knowing the ACL injury situation of the female soccer team members on the spot, aiming at the actual situation of the female soccer team member, A set of ACL injury prevention physical training program for Shandong U-18 female soccer players was developed. According to the physical training principle of reducing sports injury first and improving sports performance second, the advanced technical training content is taken as part of the preparatory activities to improve the movement mode of landing and side cutting of athletes. And scientifically advanced the content of technical training to the neuromuscular training link, that is, effectively avoiding the injury risk caused by training and enhancing the lower extremity neuromuscular control ability of Shandong U-18 female soccer players. In the team strength training, we designed the supplementary strength training content for the female soccer players who have the strength of rope muscle to strengthen the muscle strength of the rope muscle that has compensatory function to the anterior cruciate ligament. Finally, in the team training and the finishing and relaxation after the match, we add the main generating force muscle group gluteus muscle, the body rope muscle, adductor muscle and hip muscle to stretch and relax in our auxiliary training program. After the application of this set of training programs to prevent the anterior cruciate ligament injury of Shandong U-18 women soccer players for one year, 28 Shandong U-18 women football players who adopted this set of physical fitness training schemes fell to the ground in the training competition this season. The side-cut technique improved obviously, and the data proved that the players' strength of rope muscle increased significantly after training this season. By the end of my departure, the ACL injury rate of this season is obviously lower than that of previous seasons, which proves the effectiveness of the physical fitness training scheme to prevent ACL injury. Finally, the training program is summarized and some suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G843

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