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中外优秀男子400m栏运动员全程速度变化比较研究

发布时间:2019-02-15 09:22
【摘要】:400m栏这项运动起源于英国,兴起于欧洲,发展于美国,在1900年正式被确定为现代奥运会的比赛项目。经过数百年的发展,这项运动取得了飞速的突破。在所有田径项目中400m栏是技术难度最大的项目之一,跨栏过程中,流畅的节奏是最能体现良好技术的标志,也是提高该项目成绩的关键。最近几年,国内400m栏的成绩提升迅速,但和世界优秀选手相比还有着一定程度上的差距。目前,学者们通过不同的角度的分析,对这项运动展开了多方面的研究,为这项运动的发展提供了科学的理论依据。通过学术界已有的研究发现,要想在400米栏中获得优异成绩,比赛全程速度变化分配模式至关重要。事实上,400m栏是一个不断变化和组合的动态过程,在400m栏跑速度体系中,选手不断改变和组合的步形在很大程度上影响着最后成绩,因此,对400m跑全过程速度改变规律的进行把握和探寻,对这个项目运动成效的提高有着不可小觑的影响。本文中,作者主要运用了逻辑和对比解析法、数学理论统计法、录像分析和文献资料法,参考有关中外优秀400m栏选手全路程速度改变,并对其展开解析与探究,试图给我国男子400m栏全体水平的提升提供理论和实践基础。研究结果显示:我国男子运动员在前程过早的加速,而导致后程速度下降过快,进而影响整体水平发挥;在全程速度变化方面,我国运动员缺乏对速度的掌控能力;在400m栏全程速度变化上忽快忽慢,速度保持极不稳定,维持步频的能力较低;在全程栏间步数上,由于降低栏间步数的同时步频也在相对应的降低,加大对体能的消耗,因此我国运动员不能盲目的追求减少栏间步数;程文作为我国的优秀选手,他在平跑、速度控制和速度保持上与世界优秀运动员仍存在较大差距,具体表现在栏间体能的分配、栏间节奏的把控等方面。
[Abstract]:The 400m hurdles, which originated in Britain, emerged in Europe and developed in the United States, was officially designated as a modern Olympic event in 1900. After hundreds of years of development, this sport has made a rapid breakthrough. In all track and field events, 400m hurdle is one of the most difficult events. In the process of hurdle, smooth rhythm is the symbol of good technique and the key to improve the result of the event. In recent years, the performance of 400m column in China has improved rapidly, but there is still a certain gap compared with the world's elite players. At present, through the analysis of different angles, scholars have carried out a variety of research on this sport, which provides a scientific theoretical basis for the development of the sport. In order to achieve excellent results in 400m hurdles, it is very important to change the distribution mode of race speed. In fact, the 400m hurdle is a dynamic process of continuous change and combination. In the 400m hurdle speed system, the changing and combined steps of the runners largely affect the final result, so, To grasp and explore the law of speed change in the whole process of 400m running has a great influence on the improvement of the sports effect of this project. In this paper, the author mainly uses the methods of logic and contrast analysis, mathematical theory statistics, video analysis and literature, referring to the change of the whole race speed of the outstanding 400m hurdlers in China and foreign countries. This paper attempts to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the promotion of the men's 400 m column in our country. The results show that: the premature acceleration of Chinese male athletes in the future, which leads to the decline of the late speed too fast, and then affects the overall level of play, in the whole process of speed changes, Chinese athletes lack the ability to control the speed; In the 400m hurdle, the speed fluctuates rapidly and slowly, the speed remains extremely unstable, and the ability to maintain the step frequency is low. In the whole course of the inter-hurdle step, due to the reduction of the inter-hurdle step number at the same time the frequency of the corresponding reduction, increase the consumption of physical fitness, so our athletes can not blindly pursue to reduce the number of inter-hurdle steps; As an excellent contestant of our country, Cheng Wen still has a big gap with the world's elite athletes in level running, speed control and speed keeping, which is manifested in the distribution of physical ability between hurdles and the control of rhythm between hurdles, and so on.
【学位授予单位】:山东师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:G822.6

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1 郑东方;中外优秀男子400m栏运动员全程速度变化比较研究[D];山东师范大学;2017年



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