竞技健美操三人操和集体操参赛运动员性别组合方式的研究

发布时间：2019-03-15 07:24

【摘要】：随着世界竞技健美操三人操和集体操整体技术水平的不断发展和提高,深入理解规则,将规则导向与自身竞技水平相结合是各国参赛队获得优胜的重要考量。竞技健美操竞赛规则中,对三人操和集体操的性别组合方式没有特殊规定。考虑到男女运动员能力的差异,以难度分系数的参与方式对难度得分予以调整。因此,了解不同周期内规定的难度分系数对三人和集体操性别组合方式,在最后难度得分方面的影响,是确保我国三人操和集体操优势项目保持领先的重要因素。本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、视频分析法及数理统计法,统计分析2009-2012、2013-2016两个周期,四届健美操世界锦标赛三人操和集体操性别组合方式,探索性别组合方式与最后成绩的内在联系,为三人操和集体操在不同周期最适宜的性别组合方式提供参考依据。研究结果显示:1.将三人操和集体操的性别组合方式分为:男子组合、少男多女组合、多男少女组合和女子组合。其中三人操低参赛高优胜趋势的组合方式为男子组合,集体操高参赛高优胜趋势的组合方式依次为多男少女组合和男子组合。2.男女运动员在生长发育阶段的各项身体素质发育速度不一致,使得男女运动员在体能和身体形态方面存在明显的差距。进而影响男女运动员在各个年龄组别中三人操和集体操的性别组合方式。由此发现年龄越小女运动员人数越多,年龄越大男运动员人数越多。3.难度分与最后得分呈高度相关关系,在三人操和集体操的性别组合方式选用中要考虑难度分系数的因素。在难度分系数为1.8的情况下,三人操创编难度分经过难度分系数计算后,仍确保明显领先的情况下,可考虑保持男子组合;集体操创编难度分经过难度分系数计算后,不能确保明显领先的情况下,可考虑加入女运动员参赛,难度分系数将除以1.8。4.三人操的决赛队伍主要分布在亚欧两大洲,奖牌也由亚洲和欧洲国家平分。亚洲国家参赛队伍的性别组合方式是男子组合,欧洲则是由男子组合开始转向混合性别组合。集体操的奖牌也由亚洲和欧洲国家获得。在欧洲各国强大的实力壁垒下,亚洲仅有中国队挤进集体操奖牌榜。中国参赛队伍的性别组合方式由以往的男子组合开始向4男1女的混合性别组合转变,欧洲则是由以男子组合为主向3男2女混合性别组合为主转变。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development and improvement of the whole technical level of three-person aerobics and collective gymnastics in the world, it is an important consideration to understand the rules deeply and combine the rule guidance with their own competitive level. In competitive aerobics competition rules, there is no special regulation on the gender combination of three-person exercise and collective gymnastics. Considering the difference of male and female athletes' ability, the difficulty score was adjusted by the participation of difficulty score. Therefore, it is an important factor to understand the influence of the difficulty sub-coefficient in different cycles on the gender combination of three-person and collective gymnastics and the final difficulty score, which is an important factor to ensure that the dominant events of three-person exercise and collective gymnastics in our country maintain a leading position. Using the methods of literature, expert interview, questionnaire survey, video analysis and mathematical statistics, this paper makes a statistical analysis of the two cycles of 2009 / 2012, 2013 / 2016, four world tournaments of aerobics, three-person exercises and the pattern of sex combination of collective gymnastics. To explore the internal relationship between gender combination and final achievement, and to provide reference basis for the most suitable sex combination in different cycles of three-person exercise and collective gymnastics. The results of the study show that: 1. The gender combination of three-person exercises and collective gymnastics is divided into: men's combination, less men's and more women's groups, multiple boys' and girls' groups and women's groups. The combination mode of three of them is men's combination, and the combination of multi-boys and girls and men's combination in turn is the combination of multi-boys and girls and men's combination in the order of the combination of multi-boys and girls and men. The speed of physical development of male and female athletes in the growth and development stage is inconsistent, which makes the male and female athletes have obvious differences in physical fitness and body shape. And then affect the male and female athletes in each age group in the three-person exercise and collective gymnastics of the gender combination. Therefore, it is found that the younger the number of female athletes, the older the number of male athletes. 3. There is a high correlation between difficulty score and final score. The factor of difficulty score should be considered in the selection of gender combination of three-person exercise and collective gymnastics. In the case of the difficulty score of 1.8, after calculating the difficulty score of the three-person exercises, we can consider maintaining the men's combination under the circumstances that the difficulty score is still clearly ahead; After calculating the difficulty score of collective gymnastics, if you can't ensure a clear lead, you can consider joining female athletes, and the difficulty score will be divided by 1.8.4. The trio finalists are mainly distributed across Asia and Europe, and medals are divided equally between Asian and European countries. Asian teams have a gender mix of men, while in Europe, men have shifted to a mixed gender mix. Medals in collective exercises are also won by Asian and European countries. In the European countries strong strength barrier, Asia only China team crowded into the collective sports medal table. The gender combination of Chinese teams changed from 4 men and 1 woman to 4 men and 1 woman, while Europe changed from three men and two women to three men and two women. The gender combination of the Chinese team changed from 4 men and 1 woman to 4 men and 1 woman, while the European team changed from three men and two women.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G831

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