2015、2016年啦啦操世锦赛技巧啦啦操金字塔动作的研究

发布时间：2019-03-19 21:09

【摘要】：技巧啦啦操是一项充分体现团队凝聚力与集体荣誉感的体育运动,极具有观赏性、独特性和感染力,金字塔动作可直观展现出队伍的整体实力和综合水平,是技巧啦啦操的重要评分点之一。了解世界优秀队伍金字塔动作的发展现状及未来走向,把握金字塔动作技术特征,为提高我国技巧啦啦操金字塔动作水平提供参考依据。本文选取2015年和2016年两届世界啦啦操锦标赛技巧啦啦操超级组前八名16支队伍金字塔动作为研究对象,通过运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、录像分析法、数理统计法从动作难度性、整体连接、动作结构及完成情况方面进行分析,探寻技巧啦啦操金字塔动作发展规律,促进我国金字塔动作的与时俱进,使之趋向国际化。研究结论如下:1.两届世锦赛前八名队伍金字塔总数逐年递增,2016年达到151组,失败率与低规格出现率逐年递减,分别降低3.2%和2.7%,金字塔数量和成功率均呈上升趋势,金字塔动作的完成质量有所提高,同时增强了成套动作的丰富性和多样性。2.两届世锦赛前八名中使用到五种金字塔结构类型的队伍由两支增至三支,尖子人数所占比例提高4%,同时尖子动作难度系数增加,金字塔动作呈高难化与多样化趋势发展。3.两届世锦赛金字塔上法动作使用总数从130次增长到153次,直体类、转体类和空翻类上法动作数量分别增加8次、13次和2次,前八名队伍通过选取多种多样的上法动作来提升金字塔的艺术观赏价值,冠亚军队伍多采用空翻类上法动作,成形速度快,难度系数高,可带来强烈的视觉冲击力,增加金字塔的难度性和多样性。4.2015年世锦赛前八名队伍过渡动作总数为61次,2016年总数为83次,合理运用过渡动作可提高金字塔的流畅性、连贯性和整体性。三类过渡动作中直体类动作选用频率最高,在2015年和2016年使用数量分别为32次和43次,转体类动作的选用在两届世锦赛中呈下降趋势,空翻类动作从14次增至30次之多,金字塔过渡动作应在保证快速省时的基础上向多样化发展,保证动作稳定性的同时提高惊险性和新颖性,增强成套动作的艺术观赏价值。5.2015年世锦赛前八名队伍在三类下法动作中使用直体类下法数量最多,为57次,而2016年选用最多的下法动作则是空翻类下法,使用次数为42次,空翻类下法动作的使用可提高金字塔动作的难度性,同时需要技术高的队员来使成套动作感染性增强。
[Abstract]:Skilful cheerleading is a sport that fully embodies the cohesion of the team and the sense of collective honor. It is highly appreciative, unique and contagious, and pyramid action can directly show the overall strength and comprehensive level of the team. It is one of the most important evaluation points of dexterity. To understand the present situation and future trend of the pyramid movement of the world's excellent team, to grasp the technical characteristics of the pyramid movement, to provide a reference basis for improving the level of the pyramid movement of our country. This paper selects the pyramid action of the top eight teams of the top 16 teams in the 2015 and 2016 world cheerleading championships. By using the methods of literature, questionnaire, interview, and video analysis, the paper makes use of the method of literature, questionnaire, interview, video analysis, and so on, to study the pyramid movement of the 16 teams in the super group. The mathematical statistics method analyzes the difficulty of movement, the whole connection, the structure of action and the situation of completion, and explores the development law of pyramid movement of skill and cheerleading, promotes the pyramid movement of our country to keep pace with the times, and makes it tend to internationalize. The conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. The total number of pyramids in the top eight teams of the two World Championships increased year by year, reaching 151 groups in 2016, the failure rate and the rate of appearance of low specifications decreased year by year, by 3.2% and 2.7% respectively, and the number of pyramids and the success rate showed an upward trend. The quality of the pyramid movement has been improved, and the richness and diversity of the complete set of movements have been enhanced. 2. In the top eight of the two World Championships, the number of teams with five types of pyramid structure increased from two to three, the proportion of the top players increased by 4 percent, and the difficulty coefficient of the sharp movements increased. Pyramid movement shows the trend of high difficulty and diversification. 3. In the two World Championships, the total number of legal movements on the pyramid increased from 130 to 153, and the number of movements in straightness, rotation and somersault increased 8 times, 13 times, and 2 times, respectively. The top eight teams improve the artistic viewing value of the pyramid by selecting a variety of upper-law movements, and the champion and runner-up teams mostly use the somersault-like upper-law movement, which has the advantages of fast forming speed and high difficulty coefficient, which can bring about a strong visual impact. 4. The total number of transition movements in the first eight teams of the 2015 World Championships is 61, and the total number in 2016 is 83. Rational use of transition actions can improve the fluency, coherence and integrity of the pyramids. Among the three types of transition movements, the frequency of selection of straight movements was the highest, with 32 and 43 use times in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The selection of rotation movements showed a downward trend in the two world championships, with the number of somersault movements increasing from 14 to 30. Pyramid transition movement should develop into diversification on the basis of fast and time-saving, and improve adventure and novelty while ensuring stability of movement. 5. The first eight teams of the 2015 World Championships used the largest number of straight-down movements, 57 times, while in 2016, the most widely chosen lower-law movements were the somersault-type lower-law method, and the first eight teams of the first eight teams in the 2015 World Championships made the most use of the straight-down method, which was 57 times. The number of times used is 42, and the use of somersaults can improve the difficulty of pyramid movements and require highly skilled players to enhance the infectivity of the complete set of movements.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G837

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