高强度间歇训练的应用及其适应机制

发布时间：2019-03-31 11:05

【摘要】：通过梳理高强度间歇训练(HIT)起源与发展,并整合近几十年来HIT在普通人群和高水平运动员中的应用情况,以期进一步阐明HIT后运动表现提高的生理学适应机制,这对于优化当前HIT在普通人群和高水平运动员中的训练具有重要意义。研究发现,相比于低强度的持续性训练,HIT更能提高普通人群的糖酵解酶和氧化酶活性、最大功率和最大摄氧量,能够利用更多的脂类和更少的肝糖,更能增加线粒体脂肪酸氧化的速率,有效延长达到疲劳时间。对于高水平运动员而言,HIT可以显著提高糖的氧化供能效率、脂肪氧化率及骨骼肌缓冲能力,这对于运动成绩的改善具有重要作用。HIT对高水平运动员血浆容量、射血量、血红蛋白和肌纤维类型特征的影响需进一步研究。对不同HIT方案产生的不同生化和生理适应,以及对引发高水平运动员运动表现提高的最佳HIT方案,亦有待进一步研究。
[Abstract]:By combing the origin and development of high intensity intermittent training (HIT) and integrating the application of HIT in the general population and high level athletes in recent decades, we hope to further clarify the physiological adaptation mechanism of the improvement of exercise performance after HIT. It is of great significance to optimize the current training of HIT in the general population and high-level athletes. The study found that HIT increased glycolytic enzyme and oxidase activity, maximum power and maximum oxygen uptake, and was able to utilize more lipids and less liver sugar in the general population than low-intensity continuous training. It can increase the oxidation rate of mitochondrial fatty acid and prolong the fatigue time effectively. For high-level athletes, HIT can significantly improve the oxidation energy supply efficiency of sugar, fat oxidation rate and skeletal muscle bradycardia, which plays an important role in improving sports performance. Hit has an important effect on plasma volume and ejection volume of high-level athletes. The effects of hemoglobin and muscle fiber type characteristics need to be further studied. Further study is needed on the different biochemical and physiological adaptations produced by different HIT schemes and the best HIT scheme which can induce the improvement of sports performance of high-level athletes.
【作者单位】：清华大学体育部;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金资助项目(17BTY037) 清华大学自主科研计划重点项目(2015THZWD04)
【分类号】：G808.1

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