上海游泳队健将与一级运动员蹲踞式出发运动学与动力学分析

发布时间：2019-04-13 13:53

【摘要】：本文运用文献、实验、录像解析等方法,对上海游泳队自由泳项目国家健将与一级水平运动员(各6名)进行蹲踞式出发测试,从运动学与动力学角度对整个游泳出发技术的特征进行揭示,对比分析找出的差异为日后教练员对运动员出发技术的改进提供帮助,为训练确定目标。并把所测队员的15m出发成绩与出发技术的相关指标进行相关性探讨,找出相关指标使教练员指导出发技术训练更具有针对性,为上海游泳队日后出发成绩的提高提供一定的参考标准。本文获得研究结果如下:1、上海游泳队一级运动员的预备姿势比健将运动员重心靠后,后膝关节角度较小,造成蹬离出发台时转动角度较大,不利于打破身体平衡,快速启动,导致离台时间与动作衔接的时间变慢,此外反应时慢于健将运动员,且具有差异性。2、运动员在离台阶段包括三段发力,依次为反应时-手离台时刻、手离台-后腿离台时刻、后腿离台-前腿离台时刻,通过分析发现上海游泳队健将运动员在反应时-手离台时刻与手离台-后腿离台时刻的阶段比一级运动员发力更充分,完成技术动作的速度及离台速度较快,具有差异性。3、上海游泳队一级与健将运动员的腾空姿势和入水姿势上差异不大,而入水时间与入水水平速度具有差异性。4、上海游泳队健将运动员在水下滑行阶段比一级运动员,游进速度较快,游进距离较长,打腿次数较多,具有差异性。5、上海游泳队健将运动员与一级运动员相比出水距离较长,出水时间也较长,具有差异性。6、上海游泳队运动员的离台阶段、入水阶段、水下滑行阶段、出水阶段都在存在较高相关性指标,其中离台与水下阶段影响最大,并且离台阶段影响着入水,水下滑行阶段影响着出水,因此上海游泳队日后要多以这两个阶段为训练的重点。7、上海游泳队运动员与世界优秀游泳运动员在离台时间、离台水平速度与入水口直径仍然有差距,需要进一步提高,向世界水平靠拢。
[Abstract]:Using the methods of literature, experiment and video analysis, this paper makes a crouching test of the national athletes and first-level athletes (6 each) in the freestyle event of the Shanghai Swimming team. From the point of view of kinematics and dynamics, the characteristics of the whole swimming technique are revealed, and the differences are compared and analyzed to provide help for the coaches to improve the athletes' starting technique in the future, and to determine the target for the training. At the same time, the correlation between the team members' 15m starting performance and the related indexes of the starting technology is discussed, and the relevant indexes are found to make the coaches guide the starting technical training more pertinently. For Shanghai Swimming team in the future to improve the performance to provide a certain reference standard. The results obtained in this paper are as follows: 1. The preparatory posture of the first-class athletes of Shanghai Swimming team is lower than that of the healthy athletes, and the angle of the rear knee joint is smaller, which causes the rotation angle to be larger when the swimmers leave the departure platform, which is not conducive to breaking the balance of the body. In addition, the reaction time is slower than that of the good athletes, and there is a difference. 2, the athletes in the stage of departure include three stages of force, in turn, the reaction time-the moment of hand leaving the stage, in turn, is the reaction time-the moment of hand leaving the platform, in addition, the reaction time is slower than that of the athlete. Hands off the platform-hind legs away from the platform, hind legs from the platform-front legs away from the platform, through the analysis of the Shanghai Swimming team athletes in the reaction time-hand away from the platform with the hand away from the platform-the hind leg away from the stage of the stage is more full than the first-class athletes. The speed of completing the technical action and the speed of leaving the platform are different. 3, there is no significant difference between the first-class swimmers in Shanghai swimming team and the athletes in flying posture and entering position, but the time of entering water is different from the speed of entering water level. 4, the speed of entering water is different from that of athletes in the first-class swimming team in Shanghai. Shanghai swimming team athletes in the underwater glide stage than the first-class athletes, the speed of swimming faster, swimming in a longer distance, more times to hit the leg, there is a difference. 5, Compared with the first-class athletes, the athletes of Shanghai Swimming team have a longer distance and a longer time to get out of the water. 6, the stage of leaving the stage, the stage of entering the water and the stage of underwater gliding of the athletes of the swimming team of Shanghai. There is a high correlation index in the effluent stage, in which the departure stage and the underwater stage have the greatest influence, and the departure stage affects the inlet water, and the underwater sliding stage affects the effluent. Therefore, the Shanghai Swimming team should focus on these two stages of training in the future. 7. 7. In the time of departure from Taiwan, the horizontal speed of departure from Taiwan and the diameter of the inlet still have a gap between the athletes of the Shanghai swimming team and the world's outstanding swimmers, and there is still a need for further improvement. Close to the world level.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.1

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